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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 17.
Published in final edited form as: Tetrahedron. 2010 Apr 17;66(16):2907–2918. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.015

Figure 2. Interaction of sulfate group(s) with positively charged nitrogen containing groups.

Figure 2

A) The interaction relies solely on the ionic charges on the two groups. This interaction is defined as Coulomb-type interaction and occurs over a longer range in comparison to other atomic interactions. It is isotropic and does not involve any geometrical constraints. B) The interaction between a Lys or an Arg with one or more sulfate groups may sandwich an H atom resulting in the formation of a hydrogen bond. This H-bond may not be linear, yet provides sufficient energy to engineer specificity of recognition. The stoichiometry of interaction here may be 1:1 or 1:2 per nitrogen atom. C) For arginine, a linear H-bond geometry is feasible generating significant bond energy and greater specificity of recognition. The stoichiometry of interaction here is 1:1. Geometry C) is expected to be most stable.