Table 4.

Multilevel studies for childhood road traffic injuries: summary of methodological features and results (n = 2).

Author & year country (City/region)	Outcome/s B, F, P, Da	Age group/s data sourceb	SES measure	Analysis covariates	Results: the level of 95% is used for all confidence intervals (CI)
Kim et al. 2007 South Korea (whole country)	Transportation-related mortality (all types)	0–5 years R: birth and death registers	Father's occupation, mother's education for individual level, deprivation index for districts (5 levels)	Multilevel poisson regression Sex	Deprivation showed a clear positive relationship with mortality by transport-related causes (RR = 1.5—estimated from figure—for 4th quintile compared to first quintile)
Laflamme et al. 2009 Sweden (Stockholm county)	Hospitalisations, RTI as pedestrian, bicyclist, motor vehicle rider	7–16 years R: regional inpatient register	Family disposable income, Townsend deprivation index Congdon index	Multilevel study NLMXED procedure in a two-level model Age	After adjusting for compositional factors, there was still unexplained area variability for injuries among motor vehicle riders