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The S1 (21Ag −) → S2 (11Bu +) NIR transient absorption spectra (dashed lines) from Fig. 7 shifted in energy to give agreement with the steady-state absorption spectra (solid lines) from Fig. 3 plotted on a wavenumber scale. The magnitude of the shift of the S1 (21Ag −) → S2 (11Bu +) NIR spectra to bring the lineshapes into coincidence determines the energy of the S1 (21Ag −) state for each carotenoid isomer. These values are indicated in the figure and in Table 1.
