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| Ligament | ALL | PLL | LF | ISL | SSL | TL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic modulus (small strain) (MPa) | 7.8 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 10 |
| Transition strain (%) | 12 | 11 | 6.2 | 14 | 20 | 18 |
| Elastic modulus (large strain) (MPa) | 20 | 50 | 19.5 | 11.6 | 15 | 59 |
| Cross-sectional area (mm2) | 53 | 16 | 67 | 26 | 23 | 1.8 |
| Length (mm) | 13 | 11 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 22 |
| Max. failure load (N) | 510 | 384 | 340 | 130 | 200 | 70 |
ALL, Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
TL, Transverse Ligament
SSL, SupraSpinous Ligament
PLL, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
LF, Ligamentum Flavum
ISL, InterSpinous Ligament
