. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Jun;142(2):246–260. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21221

TABLE 4.

Bivariate statistical genetic analyses: Maximum-likelihood estimates (MLE) of genetic and environmental correlations for the left maxillary molar cusps^a

			Correlations (MLEs)		Significance of Correlations P(Hypothesis)

	Phenotype pairs	N	ρ_G (se)	ρ _E	ρ_G =0	∣ ρ_G ∣=1
UM1	ma-pa	437	0.971 (0.061)	0.531	<0.0001	0.3059

UM2	ma-pr	448	0.275 (0.251)	0.281	0.3081	0.0004
	ma-pa	448	0.782 (0.136)	0.600	0.0023	0.0272
	ma-hy	412	−0.126 (0.458)	0.340	0.7745	0.1286
	pr-pa	478	0.019 (0.324)	0.381	0.9532	0.0014
	pr-hy	412	1	0.634	0.0005	nc
	pa-hy	412	−0.106 (0.468)	0.227	0.8175	0.1000

UM3	ma-pr	509	0.457 (0.234)	0.439	0.1304	0.0080
	ma-pa	509	0.700 (0.141)	0.564	0.0042	0.0004
	ma-hy	509	0.883 (0.078)	0.451	<0.0001	0.0300
	pr-pa	516	1	0.059	0.0015	nc
	pr-hy	511	0.560 (0.197)	0.622	0.0719	0.0087
	pa-hy	511	0.630 (0.150)	0.081	0.0097	<0.0001

Metacone	UM1-UM2	437	0.805 (0.130)	0.380	0.0003	0.0347
	UM1-UM3	437	0.782 (0.136)	0.235	0.0011	0.0165
	UM2-UM3	448	1	0.260	<0.0001	nc

Paracone	UM1-UM2	452	0.841 (0.150)	0.459	0.0001	0.1318
	UM1-UM3	452	0.730 (0.124)	0.491	0.0002	0.0013
	UM2-UM3	478	1	0.366	<0.0001	nc

Protocone	UM2-UM3	504	0.774 (0.286)	0.380	0.0334	0.2033

Hypocone	UM2-UM3	412	0.657 (0.203)	0.301	0.0446	0.0307

P(Hypothesis): probability of the hypothesis indicated in the columns below being true given the available pedigreed data; se = standard error; ma = metacone area; pa = paracone area; pr = protocone area; hy=hypocone area; UM1 = first maxillary molar; nc = not calculable.