Table 2.
Psychosocial variables | Males (non-transitioner n = 186; transitioner n = 26) | Females (non-transitioner n = 219; transitioner n = 39) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time 1 | Time 2 | Across timea | Time 1 | Time 2 | Across timea | |||||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
Overall attachment motherb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 4.80 | 1.16 | 4.59 | 1.16 | 4.70 | 1.16* | 5.00 | 1.10 | 4.79 | 1.31 | 4.89 | 1.21* |
Transitioners | 4.19 | 1.57 | 4.17 | 1.43 | 4.18 | 1.49* | 4.58 | 1.07 | 4.55 | 1.05 | 4.56 | 1.05* |
Across transition statusc | 4.73 | 1.23 | 4.54 | 1.20 | 4.93 | 1.11 | 4.75 | 1.27 | ||||
Overall attachment fatherb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 4.52 | 1.24 | 4.39 | 1.37 | 4.45 | 1.31* | 4.37 | 1.24 | 4.09 | 1.56 | 4.23 | 1.42 |
Transitioners | 3.99 | 1.25 | 3.98 | .97 | 3.98 | 1.11* | 4.13 | 1.26 | 3.85 | 1.44 | 3.99 | 1.35 |
Across transition statusc | 4.46 | 1.25 | 4.34 | 1.34 | 4.33 | 1.24 | 4.05 | 1.54 | ||||
Overall attachment peersb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 3.67 | 1.18 | 3.93 | 1.16 | 3.80 | 1.17 | 4.45 | 1.25 | 4.61 | 1.36 | 4.53 | 1.31 |
Transitioners | 3.59 | 1.18 | 4.36 | 1.06 | 3.97 | 1.18 | 4.34 | 1.13 | 4.35 | 1.33 | 4.34 | 1.23 |
Across transition statusc | 3.66 | 1.17* | 3.98 | 1.15* | 4.43 | 1.23 | 4.57 | 1.36 | ||||
Scholastic competenceb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.29 | .32 | 2.31 | .33 | 2.30 | .33 | 2.36 | .33 | 2.38 | .34 | 2.37 | .33* |
Transitioners | 2.36 | .30 | 2.38 | .39 | 2.37 | .34 | 2.37 | .26 | 2.60 | .36 | 2.48 | .33* |
Across transition statusc | 2.30 | .32 | 2.32 | .34 | 2.36 | .32* | 2.41 | .35* | ||||
Social acceptanceb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.44 | .27 | 2.43 | .30 | 2.43 | .28 | 2.46 | .29 | 2.46 | .27 | 2.46 | .28 |
Transitioners | 2.40 | .28 | 2.41 | .31 | 2.41 | .29 | 2.41 | .25 | 2.46 | .34 | 2.43 | .30 |
Across transition statusc | 2.43 | .27 | 2.43 | .30 | 2.45 | .29 | 2.46 | .28 | ||||
Athletic competenceb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.39 | .25 | 2.38 | .27 | 2.38 | .26 | 2.53 | .25 | 2.51 | .28 | 2.20 | .26 |
Transitioners | 2.39 | .26 | 2.38 | .35 | 2.38 | .30 | 2.51 | .28 | 2.41 | .36 | 2.46 | .32 |
Across transition statusc | 2.39 | .25 | 2.38 | .28 | 2.53 | .26 | 2.50 | .29 | ||||
Physical appearanceb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.44 | .31 | 2.45 | .26 | 2.45 | .28 | 2.47 | .26 | 2.45 | .26 | 2.46 | .26 |
Transitioners | 2.41 | .25 | 2.43 | .25 | 2.42 | .25 | 2.47 | .22 | 2.42 | .32 | 2.44 | .27 |
Across transition statusc | 2.44 | .30 | 2.45 | .26 | 2.47 | .25 | 2.44 | .27 | ||||
Romantic appealb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.48 | .28 | 2.50 | .27 | 2.49 | .27 | 2.56 | .29 | 2.59 | .29 | 2.57 | .29 |
Transitioners | 2.57 | .25 | 2.55 | .33 | 2.56 | .29 | 2.63 | .36 | 2.66 | .42 | 2.64 | .39 |
Across transition statusc | 2.49 | .28 | 2.51 | .28 | 2.57 | .30 | 2.59 | .31 | ||||
Close friendshipb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.44 | .37 | 2.43 | .33 | 2.44 | .35 | 2.47 | .38 | 2.49 | .36 | 2.48 | .37 |
Transitioners | 2.48 | .35 | 2.52 | .42 | 2.50 | .39 | 2.49 | .33 | 2.42 | .29 | 2.45 | .31 |
Across transition statusc | 2.45 | .37 | 2.44 | .34 | 2.48 | .37 | 2.47 | .35 | ||||
Global self-worthb | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | 2.51 | .28 | 2.56 | .29 | 2.54 | .29 | 2.53 | .29 | 2.51 | .29 | 2.52 | .29 |
Transitioners | 2.55 | .32 | 2.60 | .34 | 2.57 | .33 | 2.44 | .30 | 2.47 | .31 | 2.47 | .31 |
Across transition statusc | 2.52 | .29 | 2.57 | .30 | 2.52 | .29 | 2.51 | .29 | ||||
Rule-breaking behaviord | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .30 | .19 | .31 | .20 | .31 | .19* | .26 | .19 | .31 | .23 | .28 | .21* |
Transitioners | .46 | .23 | .48 | .28 | .47 | .25* | .37 | .19 | .50 | .28 | .43 | .25* |
Across transition statusc | .32 | .20 | .33 | .21 | .28 | .19* | .34 | .24* | ||||
Aggressive behaviord | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .38 | .25 | .34 | .22 | .36 | .23* | .39 | .22 | .36 | .25 | .37 | .24* |
Transitioners | .56 | .29 | .45 | .27 | .50 | .28* | .44 | .21 | .51 | .31 | .48 | .27* |
Across transition statusc | .40 | .26* | .36 | .23* | .39 | .22 | .39 | .26 | ||||
School problemsd | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .29 | .21 | .33 | .23 | .31 | .22* | .33 | .19 | .37 | .27 | .35 | .23* |
Transitioners | .41 | .20 | .51 | .38 | .46 | .31* | .40 | .19 | .54 | .24 | .47 | .23* |
Across transition statusc | .30 | .21* | .35 | .26* | .34 | .19* | .40 | .27* | ||||
Disobedience to parentsd | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .31 | .28 | .35 | .28 | .33 | .28* | .34 | .27 | .35 | .30 | .34 | .28* |
Transitioners | .45 | .37 | .47 | .28 | .46 | .32* | .38 | .24 | .53 | .32 | .45 | .29* |
Across transition statusc | .32 | .29 | .36 | .28 | .34 | .26* | .37 | .31* | ||||
Anxiety/depressiond | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .26 | .22 | .22 | .21 | .24 | .22 | .37 | .29 | .35 | .30 | .36 | .30* |
Transitioners | .24 | .20 | .17 | .17 | .21 | .19 | .43 | .34 | .50 | .39 | .46 | .37* |
Across transition statusc | .26 | .22 | .22 | .21 | .38 | .30 | .37 | .32 | ||||
Withdrawald | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .32 | .28 | .32 | .31 | .32 | .29* | .39 | .31 | .39 | .30 | .39 | .31* |
Transitioners | .25 | .29 | .18 | .27 | .22 | .28* | .47 | .37 | .50 | .38 | .49 | .37* |
Across transition statusc | .31 | .28 | .31 | .30 | .40 | .32 | .40 | .32 | ||||
Somatic complaintsd | ||||||||||||
Non-transitioners | .35 | .25 | .28 | .26 | .32 | .25 | .54 | .33 | .53 | .34 | .54 | .34* |
Transitioners | .35 | .26 | .29 | .24 | .32 | .24 | .70 | .39 | .70 | .40 | .70 | .39* |
Across transition statusc | .36 | .25 | .29 | .26 | .57 | .34 | .56 | .36 |
* Significant main effect, p < .05
aMean comparisons illustrating the main effect of transition status in the MANCOVA
bAbsolute range = 1–4
cMean comparisons illustrating the main effect of time in the MANCOVA
dAbsolute range = 0–2