Table 1.
Description of Study Variables
| Variable | Description | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-1,280 meter altitude sample |
1,854-3,600 meter altitude sample |
||
| Birth weight | Infant's birth weight in grams | 3235.09 (568.84) |
3096.01 (489.08) |
| Gestational age | Infant's gestational age in weeks | 39.06 (2.78) |
39.04 (2.6) |
| Altitude | Altitude at hospital of birth (in 100
meter unites) |
3.34 (3.11) |
28.49 (5.71) |
| Acute illnesses | Indicator (0,1) for maternal
acute illnesses |
0.32 (0.47) |
0.30 (0.46) |
| Chronic illnesses | Indicator (0,1) for maternal
chronic illnesses |
0.12 (0.33) |
0.05 (0.21) |
| Conception difficulty | Indicator (0,1) for difficulty in conception | 0.08 (0.27) |
0.03 (0.17) |
| Live births | Number of live births | 1.50 (2.00) |
1.28 (1.92) |
| Miscarriages/stillbirths | Number of miscarriages/stillbirths | 0.25 (0.72) |
0.19 (0.66) |
| Physical shocks | Indicator (0,1) for exposure to
physical shocks in first trimester |
0.03 (0.16) |
0.02 (0.14) |
| SES | Socioeconomic status index | 0.00 (1.03) |
0.00 (1.13) |
| Maternal age | Maternal age in years | 25.49 (6.54) |
25.60 (6.39) |
| Maternal age squared | Maternal age in years squared | 692.7 (358.63) |
696.14 (353.2) |
| Male | Indicator (0,1) for a male infant | 0.54 (0.50) |
0.54 (0.5) |
| African ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant's
African ancestry |
0.19 (0.39) |
0.02 (0.13) |
| Native ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant's Native ancestry | 0.75 (0.43) |
0.86 (0.34) |
| European Latin ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant's European
Latin ancestry |
0.45 (0.50) |
0.40 (0.49) |
| European non-Latin ancestry |
Indicator (0,1) for infant's European
non- Latin ancestry |
0.10 (0.31) |
0.01 (0.08) |
| Other ancestry | Indicator (0,1) for infant's other ancestry | 0.01 (0.09) |
0.003 (0.05) |
| No university affiliation | Indicator (0,1) for birth at an
institution not affiliated with a university |
0.36 (0.48) |
0.05 (0.22) |
| Maternity hospital | Indicator (0,1) for a birth at a
maternity hospital |
0.21 (0.41) |
0.28 (0.45) |
| Other institution | Indicator (0,1) for a birth at an
“other- type” healthcare institution |
0.01 (0.11) |
0.16 (0.37) |
| Private institution | Indicator (0,1) for a birth at a
privately owned healthcare institution |
0.03 (0.18) |
0.32 (0.47) |
| State/Province institution | Indicator (0,1) for a birth at
province/state owned healthcare institution |
0.43 (0.49) |
0.10 (0.30) |
| Local public institution | Indicator (0,1) for a birth at a
local publicly owned healthcare institution |
0.20 (0.40) |
0.13 (0.33) |
| Brazil | Indicator (0,1) for a birth in Brazil | 0.38 (0.49) |
|
| Chile | Indicator (0,1) for a birth in Chile | 0.25 (0.43) |
|
| Colombia | Indicator (0,1) for a birth in Colombia | 0.01 (0.12) |
0.29 (0.45) |
| Ecuador | Indicator (0,1) for a birth in Ecuador | 0.32 (0.47) |
|
| Birth year 1983 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1983 | 0.02 (0.14) |
0.01 (0.11) |
| Birth year 1984 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1984 | 0.02 (0.13) |
0.01 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1985 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1985 | 0.02 (0.13) |
0.01 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1986 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1986 | 0.02 (0.14) |
0.02 (0.14) |
| Birth year 1987 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1987 | 0.01 (0.12) |
0.02 (0.13) |
| Birth year 1988 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1988 | 0.02 (0.13) |
0.02 (0.13) |
| Birth year 1989 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1989 | 0.02 (0.13) |
0.01 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1990 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1990 | 0.02 (0.13) |
0.02 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1991 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1991 | 0.03 (0.16) |
0.01 (0.10) |
| Birth year 1992 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1992 | 0.03 (0.18) |
0.01 (0.09) |
| Birth year 1993 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1993 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.01 (0.07) |
| Birth year 1994 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1994 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.004 (0.07) |
| Birth year 1995 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1995 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.01 (0.10) |
| Birth year 1996 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1996 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.02 (0.13) |
| Birth year 1997 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1997 | 0.03 (0.18) |
0.01 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1998 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1998 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.01 (0.12) |
| Birth year 1999 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 1999 | 0.04 (0.21) |
0.02 (0.12) |
| Birth year 2000 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2000 | 0.07 (0.25) |
0.02 (0.13) |
| Birth year 2001 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2001 | 0.07 (0.26) |
0.05 (0.22) |
| Birth year 2002 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2002 | 0.07 (0.26) |
0.08 (0.27) |
| Birth year 2003 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2003 | 0.07 (0.25) |
0.10 (0.31) |
| Birth year 2004 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2004 | 0.07 (0.25) |
0.13 (0.34) |
| Birth year 2005 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2005 | 0.06 (0.25) |
0.14 (0.35) |
| Birth year 2006 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2006 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.09 (0.29) |
| Birth year 2007 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2007 | 0.04 (0.19) |
0.09 (0.28) |
| Birth year 2008 | Indicator (0,1) for birth year of 2008 | 0.02 (0.15) |
0.06 (0.23) |
Note: Standard deviations (SD) of study variables are in parentheses. The reference country for the 5-1280 meter sample is Argentina. The reference country for the 1854-3600 meter sample is Bolivia. The reference type of institution of birth is general hospital. The reference ownership of institution of birth is nationally owned healthcare institutions. The reference birth year is 1982.