Table 4.
Factors associated with 12-month change in CD4 cell counts from initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Change in CD4 (cells/mL) | Coefficient* | P | Coefficient (95% CI) | P | |
| Patient covariates | ||||||
| Age at entry | ||||||
| <30 years | 205 | 178.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| 30–40 years | 531 | 176.0 | −2.44 | 0.848 | −2.69 (−27.8, 22.4) | 0.833 |
| >40 years | 384 | 131.4 | −46.98 | 0.001 | −47.22 (−73.6, −20.8) | 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 796 | 164.8 | ||||
| Female | 324 | 152.1 | −12.76 | 0.217 | −15.40 (−36.3, 5.6) | 0.151 |
| HIV exposure | ||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 852 | 162.9 | 0.033 | 0.043 | ||
| Homosexual contact | 159 | 175.4 | 12.41 | 0.358 | 19.11 (−8.1, 46.3) | 0.169 |
| Other | 109 | 126.3 | −36.67 | 0.021 | −29.37 (−60.5, 1.7) | 0.064 |
| CDC classification | ||||||
| Category A | 522 | 156.0 | 0.163 | 0.343 | ||
| Category B | 140 | 150.6 | −5.39 | 0.718 | −4.20 (−33.8, 25.4) | 0.780 |
| Category C | 458 | 170.2 | 14.20 | 0.157 | 10.40 (−11.1, 31.8) | 0.343 |
| Hepatitis B | ||||||
| Negative | 462 | 143.2 | ||||
| Positive | 65 | 167.6 | 24.41 | 0.238 | 16.70 (−23.5, 57) | 0.415 |
| Not tested | 593 | 174.4 | 31.20 | 0.001 | 27.70 (8.8, 46.6) | 0.004 |
| Hepatitis C | ||||||
| Negative | 450 | 148.8 | ||||
| Positive | 52 | 115.1 | −33.76 | 0.140 | −27.10 (−73.3, 19.1) | 0.251 |
| Not tested | 618 | 174.0 | 25.14 | 0.010 | 27.00 (7.9, 46.0) | 0.006 |
| First HAART regimen | ||||||
| NNRTI | 944 | 165.1 | 0.040 | 0.057 | ||
| PI | 132 | 153.1 | −12.00 | 0.409 | −14.40 (−44.1, 15.4) | 0.344 |
| NNRTI/PI | 32 | 114.1 | −51.02 | 0.070 | −36.80 (−91.6, 18.0) | 0.188 |
| NRTI | 12 | 65.3 | −99.83 | 0.028 | −104.90 (−193.2, −16.5) | 0.020 |
| Baseline HIV-1 viral load | ||||||
| < 10 000 copies/mL | 87 | 113.9 | ||||
| ≥ 10 000 copies/mL | 417 | 150.6 | 36.71 | 0.046 | 34.20 (−1.5, 70.0) | 0.060 |
| Unknown | 616 | 174.9 | 61.06 | 0.001 | 55.70 (20.2, 91.2) | 0.002 |
| Baseline CD4 count | ||||||
| ≤ 100 cells/mL | 567 | 163.4 | 0.082 | 0.003 | ||
| 100–200 cells/mL | 308 | 176.4 | 13.02 | 0.239 | 16.60 (−4.9, 38.1) | 0.130 |
| > 200 cells/mL | 245 | 136.6 | −26.81 | 0.025 | −29.45 (−53.4, −5.5) | 0.020 |
| Resource covariates | ||||||
| World Bank income | ||||||
| Low income | 613 | 174.9 | ||||
| High income | 507 | 144.5 | −30.46 | 0.001 | −32.05 (−51.7, −12.4) | 0.001 |
| Frequency of RNA testing | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times per year | 328 | 139.0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| 1–2 times per year | 307 | 148.2 | 9.22 | 0.455 | 19.38 (−5.8, 44.6) | 0.130 |
| < 1 time per year | 485 | 184.3 | 45.26 | 0.000 | 53.60 (29.5, 77.7) | 0.000 |
| Frequency of CD4 testing | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times per year | 671 | 154.5 | ||||
| <3 times per year | 449 | 171.0 | 16.48 | 0.085 | 17.60 (−2.3, 37.5) | 0.080 |
| Total | 1120 | 161.1 | ||||
P-values for age (years) at entry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification, HIV exposure, first HAART regimen, baseline CD4 cell count and frequency of RNA testing are for tests for trend or homogeneity, as appropriate, evaluated by excluding classifications representing unavailable information.
*
The difference compared with the reference category of each variable in the univariate analysis.
CI, confidence interval; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.