Table 2.

Adjusted^a Odds Ratios for Risk of High Coronary Artery Calcification (>90th Percentile) and High Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (>90th Percentile) at Follow-up Year 20, According to Category of Body Mass Index^b at Years 0, 10, and 20, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, 1985–2006

Outcome and BMI Measurement	BMI Category					Ptrend	Pquadratic
	<22	22–<25	25–<30	30–<35	≥35
Coronary artery calcification at year 20
BMI at year 0
No. of cases/no. of participants	45/762	66/748	83/530	19/144	10/59
Unadjusted %	5.9	8.8	15.7	13.2	17.0
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	1.1 (0.8, 1.7)	2.3 (1.5, 3.5)	2.3 (1.3, 4.2)	3.7 (1.6, 8.2)	<0.01	0.82
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	1.7 (1.1, 2.5)	1.3 (0.7, 2.4)	2.1 (0.9, 5.0)	0.02	1.00
BMI at year 10
No. of cases/no. of participants	40/493	36/536	86/726	42/301	19/187
Unadjusted %	8.1	6.7	11.9	14.0	10.2
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.5 (0.3, 0.8)	1.0 (0.6, 1.4)	1.4 (0.9, 2.3)	1.2 (0.7, 2.3)	0.02	0.16
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.4 (0.2, 0.7)	0.7 (0.4, 1.1)	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)	0.6 (0.3, 1.3)	0.81	0.18
BMI at year 20
No. of cases/no. of participants	25/234	33/401	81/804	47/427	37/377
Unadjusted %	10.7	8.2	10.1	11.0	9.8
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.6 (0.3, 1.0)	0.6 (0.4, 1.0)	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.45	0.02
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.5 (0.3, 1.0)	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.8 (0.4, 1.4)	0.99	0.02
Intima-media thickness at year 20
BMI at year 0
No. of cases/no. of participants	29/762	71/748	84/530	31/144	10/59
Unadjusted %	3.8	9.5	15.9	21.5	17.0
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	2.2 (1.4, 3.4)	3.5 (2.2, 5.5)	5.3 (3.0, 9.5)	3.5 (1.5, 7.9)	<0.01	<0.01
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	2.0 (1.3, 3.2)	2.8 (1.8, 4.5)	3.8 (2.1, 7.0)	2.3 (0.9, 5.4)	<0.01	<0.01
BMI at year 10
No. of cases/no. of participants	23/493	33/536	84/726	48/301	37/187
Unadjusted %	4.7	6.2	11.6	16.0	19.8
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)	1.8 (1.1, 3.0)	2.8 (1.6, 4.8)	4.1 (2.3, 7.4)	<0.01	0.54
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	1.3 (0.8, 2.1)	1.6 (0.9, 2.9)	2.1 (1.1, 4.0)	<0.01	0.45
BMI at year 20
No. of cases/no. of participants	6/234	20/401	67/804	65/427	67/377
Unadjusted %	2.6	5.0	8.3	15.2	17.8
Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Referent	1.6 (0.6, 4.2)	2.3 (1.0, 5.5)	4.5 (1.9, 10.9)	7.0 (2.9, 16.8)	<0.01	0.80
Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Referent	1.6 (0.6, 4.3)	1.9 (0.7, 4.8)	3.4 (1.3, 8.8)	4.8 (1.9, 12.4)	<0.01	0.71

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aModel 1 results were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, cigarette smoking, and physical activity. Model 2 results were further adjusted for systolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Each covariate was measured at the same examination as the corresponding BMI.

^bWeight (kg)/height (m)².