Mean ± standard deviation normalized magnitude ratio of stapes velocity as a function of frequency from 200 Hz up to 20 kHz. The measurements made at frequencies between 2 and 3 and greater than 12 kHz are contaminated by measurement artifact, that is, at these frequencies, the entire bone was moving with significant velocity. The cartilage graft measurements (both thicknesses and positions) do not differ significantly from each other. n = 4, 0.5-/1.0-mm NBC = 0.5-/1.0-mm cartilage without bone contact, 0.5-/1.0-mm BC = 0.5-/1.0-mm cartilage with bone contact.