Table 2.
Effects of training on metabolic and intake parameters.
| Control | Trained | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After 5 mo. | Baseline | After 5 mo. | |
| Mean pre-meal BG (mg/dL) | 85.2 ± 8.1 | 85.3 ± 7.6 | 85.6 ± 9.5 | 79.4 ± 6.5∗∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| BG diary SD (mg/dL)1 | 8.4 ± 3.0 | 9.1 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 4.4 | 6.1 ± 2.4∗∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| Glycated Hb (%) | 4.55 ± 0.37 | 4.71 ± 0.40 | 4.71 ± 0.4.2 | 4.50 ± 0.43∗∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| Insulin AUC2 (mU L−13 h−1) | 211 ± 91 | 225 ± 111 | 220 ± 127 | 171 ± 89∗∗∗b |
| Insulin peak (mU L−1) | 71 ± 32 | 74 ± 38 | 72 ± 46 | 55 ± 29∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| Insulin sens. (index)3 | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 7.0 ± 3.8 | 7.1 ± 4.1 | 9.4 ± 5.2 ∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| BG AUC (mg/dL) | 597 ± 113 | 576 ± 116 | 604 ± 100 | 555 ± 88∗∗∗b |
| BG peak (mg/dL) | 131 ± 23 | 127 ± 28 | 135 ± 28 | 126 ± 26 ∗∗∗a ∗∗b |
| Energy intake (Cal/d) | 1855 ± 579 | 1649 ± 599 | 1756 ± 652 | 1271 ± 517∗∗∗a ∗∗∗b |
| Meals per day4 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.6∗∗b |
| Vegetable intake (g/d) | 199 ± 209 | 227 ± 218 | 313 ± 242 | 424 ± 239∗∗∗b |
| Fruit intake (g/d) | 183 ± 148 | 163 ± 153 | 221 ± 150 | 307 ± 259∗a ∗∗b |
1Diary SD refers to BG SD of 21 measurements reported by each of 7 d diary.
2AUC: area under GTT curve.
3Whole body insulin sensitivity index [25].
4Meal was an event of higher energy intake than 20 kcal.
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Peak values include different observations from those at 30' during GTT. Asterisks indicate significance (Student's t-test: *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001) of longitudinal difference versus respective control group (a) or versus baseline values of the same group (b).