BMP2 and BMP6 rapidly stimulate Smad phosphorylation and gene expression in the Hep3B liver cell line. Human Hep3B cells were incubated in serum-free medium with BMP2 or BMP6 at the indicated doses for up to 8 h, and assayed for activation of Smad5 or induction of gene expression. A, immunoblots of whole cell protein lysates for phosphorylated Smad5 (pSmad5), total Smad5, and α-tubulin after incubation of cells with BMP2 or BMP6 (200 ng/ml) for 0–240 min. B, measurement of hepicidin and S17 mRNAs by RT-PCR after incubation of cells with BMP2 or BMP6 (200 ng/ml) for 0–8 h. C, measurement of hepicidin, SMAD7, ID1, or S17 mRNAs by RT-PCR after incubation of cells with graded doses of BMP2 or BMP6 (0–200 ng/ml) for 4 h. Representative results are shown of 3 independent experiments.