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Female human plasma from malaria-endemic areas of Mali recognizes S3 and DBL3x. Plasma collected from Malian women show significantly higher reactivity to S3 (A) and DBL3x (B) compared with plasma from Malian men (for both antigens, p < 0.001 by exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests). C, positive correlation between the reactivity of Malian female plasma to S3 and DBL3x (r = 0.78, by Spearman rank test, p < 0.0001).
