Table 1. Across all individuals, elk and cattle consistently changed some of their behavior in response to wolf presence (treatment phase) compared to wolf absence (pre- treatment and post- treatment phases) within elk home ranges and cattle pastures in southwest Alberta, Canada during 2004–2007.

Metric1 Species	Movement rate	Head up	Path sinuosity	Distance to neighbors	Terrain ruggedness index	Slope	Distance to forest cover	Number of wolf visits
Wolf within cattle pasture	NC2	NC	↑3	↓	NC	NC	NC	78
Wolf within elk home range	NC	N/A	↑	N/A	↑	↑	NC	72

¹See Table S1 for details on how each metric of prey behavior was calculated.

²Insignificant Wilcoxon test's (No Change).

³Arrow indicates a significant difference between the paired pre-phase and treatment phase (assessed using a Wilcoxon test) and the direction of the change.