Table 2.
Patients characteristics* according to quintiles of GGT
| Men (N = 6561) | 1st Quintile | 2nd Quintile | 3rd Quintile | 4th Quintile | 5th Quintile | ANOVA | P for linear trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GGT<9 | 9≤GGT<12 | 12≤GGT<16 | 16≤GGT<21 | 21≤GGT≤42 | P Value | |||||||
| N = | 1318 | 1206 | 1443 | 1202 | 1392 | |||||||
| Age (years) | 44 | (11) | 44 | (11) | 44 | (11) | 44 | (11) | 44 | (11) | 0.482 | 0.848 |
| Waist (cm) | 95 | (10) | 95 | (11) | 95 | (11) | 95 | (10) | 95 | (11) | 0.721 | 0.165 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 | (4) | 27 | (4) | 27 | (4) | 27 | (4) | 27 | (4) | 0.875 | 0.433 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 | (8) | 78 | (8) | 78 | (9) | 78 | (9) | 78 | (9) | 0.398 | 0.063 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124 | (14) | 125 | (15) | 123 | (14) | 125 | (15) | 124 | (14) | 0.062 | 0.244 |
| Alcohol consumption (glasses/week) | 1.1 | (1.6) | 1.0 | (1.5) | 1.0 | (1.5) | 1.1 | (1.6) | 1.0 | (1.6) | 0.458 | 0.466 |
| Exercise intensity (hours/week) | 2.4 | (2.9) | 2.2 | (2.6) | 2.3 | (2.8) | 2.2 | (2.7) | 2.3 | (2.5) | 0.327 | 0.254 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.785 | |||||||||||
| Current | 205 | (15.9) | 194 | (16.3) | 217 | (15.4) | 198 | (16.8) | 225 | (16.5) | ||
| Former | 333 | (25.9) | 313 | (26.4) | 368 | (26.1) | 332 | (28.1) | 344 | (25.2) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 301 | (22.8) | 298 | (24.7) | 347 | (24.0) | 329 | (27.4) | 339 | (24.4) | 0.113 | |
| Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%) | 120 | (9.1) | 117 | (9.7) | 131 | (9.1) | 122 | (10.1) | 141 | (10.1) | 0.790 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) | 79 | (6.0) | 145 | (12.0) | 186 | (12.9) | 227 | (18.9) | 279 | (20.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.87 | (0.47) | 4.95 | (0.49) | 5.06 | (0.52) | 5.15 | (0.54) | 5.20 | (0.53) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.58 | (0.39) | 1.48 | (0.38) | 1.44 | (0.34) | 1.39 | (0.34) | 1.36 | (0.32) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.93 | (0.79) | 3.05 | (0.83) | 3.11 | (0.82) | 3.21 | (0.82) | 3.21 | (0.79) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides† (mmol/L) | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.08 | 1.23 | 1.35 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Statins, n(%) | 111 | (8.4) | 95 | (7.9) | 114 | (7.9) | 129 | (10.7) | 160 | (11.5) | 0.001 | |
| Fibrates, n(%) | 9 | (0.7) | 13 | (1.1) | 12 | (0.8) | 20 | (1.7) | 12 | (0.9) | 0.116 | |
| Women (N = 3389) | 1st Quintile | 2nd Quintile | 3rd Quintile | 4th Quintile | 5th Quintile | ANOVA | P for linear trend | |||||
| GGT<8 | 8≤GGT<11 | 11≤GGT<15 | 15≤GGT<19 | 19≤GGT≤28 | P Value | |||||||
| N = | 586 | 670 | 846 | 620 | 667 | |||||||
| Age (years) | 45 | (10) | 46 | (11) | 44 | (11) | 45 | (10) | 44 | (11) | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Waist (cm) | 81 | (11) | 83 | (12) | 82 | (12) | 83 | (11) | 82 | (12) | 0.037 | 0.697 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 | (5) | 26 | (5) | 25 | (5) | 26 | (5) | 25 | (5) | 0.047 | 0.636 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73 | (7) | 74 | (8) | 74 | (8) | 74 | (8) | 73 | (9) | 0.028 | 0.323 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117 | (15) | 118 | (16) | 117 | (16) | 117 | (15) | 116 | (15) | 0.066 | 0.111 |
| Alcohol consumption (glasses/week) | 0.4 | (1.0) | 0.4 | (1.0) | 0.5 | (1.2) | 0.5 | (1.1) | 0.6 | (1.2) | 0.098 | 0.058 |
| Exercise intensity (hours/week) | 1.8 | (2.7) | 1.9 | (2.6) | 1.9 | (2.7) | 1.8 | (3.1) | 1.8 | (2.3) | 0.869 | 0.802 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.515 | |||||||||||
| Current | 107 | (18.8) | 137 | (20.9) | 165 | (19.9) | 106 | (17.5) | 113 | (17.2) | ||
| Former | 105 | (18.5) | 127 | (19.3) | 150 | (18.1) | 130 | (21.5) | 139 | (21.1) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 91 | (15.5) | 117 | (17.5) | 127 | (15.0) | 103 | (16.6) | 87 | (13.0) | 0.216 | |
| Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%) | 53 | (9.0) | 51 | (7.6) | 59 | (7.0) | 51 | (8.2) | 35 | (5.2) | 0.101 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) | 56 | (9.6) | 96 | (14.3) | 158 | (18.7) | 158 | (25.5) | 177 | (26.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.83 | (0.48) | 4.96 | (0.51) | 5.03 | (0.53) | 5.15 | (0.56) | 5.16 | (0.54) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.63 | (0.38) | 1.52 | (0.38) | 1.46 | (0.37) | 1.40 | (0.34) | 1.40 | (0.36) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.87 | (0.77) | 3.03 | (0.82) | 3.11 | (0.78) | 3.20 | (0.85) | 3.15 | (0.83) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides† (mmol/L) | 0.90 | 0.96 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 1.31 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Statins, n(%) | 40 | (6.8) | 58 | (8.7) | 43 | (5.1) | 44 | (7.1) | 36 | (5.4) | 0.046 | |
| Fibrates, n(%) | 4 | (0.7) | 6 | (0.9) | 2 | (0.2) | 1 | (0.2) | 4 | (0.6) | 0.265 | |
* - Data are arithmetic means (S.D.) or N (%).
† - Geometric means.
List of abbreviations: GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.