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. 2010 Jul 31;48(1):46–52. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2010.48.1.46

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Screw violation grading system depending on screw position. Grade I : screw centered in the pedicle caused only minor plastic deformation of the pedicle cortex at most. Grade II : a half or less than half of the screw width penetrated the cortex without injuring neurovascular structures. Grade III : more than half of the screw width penetrated the cortex.