Cytotoxicity of P. aeruginosa strains secreting ExoU protein with MLD substitutions following infection of HeLa cells. (A) P. aeruginosa strains were grown under type III secretion-inducing conditions, and immunoblotting was performed on culture supernatants using an ExoU-specific antibody as well as antibodies against the translocon proteins PopB and PopD. (B) HeLa cells were infected at an MOI of 10, and cytotoxicity was determined by measuring LDH release at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 h postinfection. PA99null, which does not secrete ExoU, was utilized as a negative control. Experiments were performed in triplicate; data represent means ± standard deviations. I609N, PA99null+ExoU-I609N, etc. All strains secreting MLD variants were significantly different from ExoU (P < 0.01). *, statistically different from PA99null (P < 0.05).