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Production of IL-8 in A498 cells stimulated with UPEC strain IA2 (108 CFU/ml) alone or in combination with apyrase (0.6 and 2 U/ml) for 6 h. The amount of IL-8 produced is expressed as picograms per milliliter, and data are presented as means plus SEMs (error bars) (n = 5). Values that are statistically significantly different from the values for IA2-infected cells are indicated by brackets and asterisks as follows: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001. NS, nonstimulated cells.
