TABLE 10.
Fold change in level of cytokine and chemokine production in PBMCs incubated with CBAs at 72 h postadministrationa
| Cytokine/chemokine | Fold change |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AH (1.6 μM) | HHA (0.4 μM) | CV-Nb (0.18 μM) | PHAb (0.016 μM) | |
| IL-1beta | ND | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 100-500 | 100-500 |
| IL-1ra | 2.4 ± 0.03 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 10-100 | 10-100 |
| IL-2 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 3-10 | 1-3 |
| IL-4 | ND | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 10-100 | 3-10 |
| IL-5 | ND | 0.59 ± 0.04 | >500 | 10-100 |
| IL-6 | 2.52 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | >500 | >500 |
| IL-7 | ND | 1.92 | 3-10 | 1-3 |
| IL-8 | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 1.06 | 100-500 | 100-500 |
| IL-9 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 10-100 | 10-100 |
| IL-10 | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 100-500 | 10-100 |
| IL-12 | ND | 4.9 | 3-10 | 3-10 |
| IL-13 | ND | 0.73 ± 0.46 | >500 | 100-500 |
| IL-15 | 0.38 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 10-100 | 10-100 |
| IL-17 | ND | 1.8 ± 0.02 | 100-500 | 10-100 |
| Eotaxin | ND | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 10-100 | 3-10 |
| FGF | ND | >7.9 | 3-10 | 1-3 |
| G-CSF | ND | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 10-100 | 10-100 |
| GM-CSF | ND | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 10-100 | 3-10 |
| λ-IFN | ND | 1.1 ± 0.3 | >500 | 10-100 |
| IP-10 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 0.59 ± 0.15 | 3-10 | 1-3 |
| MCP-1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 1.0 | 100-500 | 100-500 |
| MIP-1alpha | 1.50 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | >500 | 10-100 |
| MIP-1beta | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 10-100 | 10-100 |
| PDGF-BB | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 1-3 | 1-3 |
| RANTES | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 10-100 | 1-3 |
| TNF-α | ND | 1.2 ± 0.5 | >500 | 10-100 |
| VEGF | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1-3 | 1-3 |
PBMCs from two to four different donors were used for these studies. Abbreviations: ND, not detectable (the cytokine levels in the presence or absence of AH were under the detection limit of the assay [<2 pg/ml]); IL, interleukin; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; γ-IFN, gamma interferon; IP-10, interferon-inducible protein 10; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MIP-1α and MIP-1β macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 1β, respectively; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor BB; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Fold change values represent the range of cytokine/chemokine stimulation afforded in at least 50% of the CBA-exposed PBMC donors. Data taken from Huskens et al. (26).