Redox states of P. pastoris pex mutant strains. (A) The cytosolic redox state is more reductive in the denoted P. pastoris pex mutants than in the wild-type (WT) strain during culture on oleate medium. Bar, 1 μm. The relative FRET values are normalized to the value generated from the probe in the wild-type strain, which was arbitrarily set to 1.0. (B) Transcription levels of antioxidant genes PpGPX1, PpTSA1, PpCTA1, and PpSOD2 in wild-type and Pppex5Δ strains. Values represent the means ± standard deviations (n = 3).