TABLE 3.
Metabolite concentrations in a Twin-SHIMEa
| Metabolite or enzyme | Concn or % conversion in: |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| ASC | TR | DES | |
| Ammonium (mM) | 16.4 ± 0.9 A | 22.4 ± 1.2 B | 26.2 ± 1.4 C |
| Acetate (mM) | 31.7 ± 2.2 A | 34.5 ± 2.8 B | 38.4 ± 2.1 C |
| Propionate (mM) | 11.6 ± 1.3 A | 14.1 ± 0.6 B | 14.6 ± 1.1 B |
| Butyrate (mM) | 3.0 ± 0.8 A | 4.3 ± 0.7 B | 5.2 ± 0.7 C |
| Branched SCFA (mM) | 0.6 ± 0.1 A | 2.2 ± 0.3 B | 2.6 ± 0.1 C |
| Total SCFA (mM) | 46.7 ± 3.0 A | 55.2 ± 3.7 B | 61.3 ± 2.6 C |
| Lactate (mM) | 1.0 ± 0.3 A | 0.5 ± 0.2 B | 0.3 ± 0.3 B |
| Succinate (mM) | 3.2 ± 1.6 A | 2.7 ± 1.0 B | 2.2 ± 0.6 B |
| β-Glucosidase (U/liter) | 8.6 ± 7.3 A | 25.2 ± 3.0 B | 23.0 ± 2.1 B |
| β-Glucuronidase (U/liter) | 1.8 ± 2.1 A | 8.4 ± 3.7 B | 8.7 ± 2.0 B |
| β-d-Xylosidase (U/liter) | 64.7 ± 30.3 A | 49.4 ± 8.1 A | 36.2 ± 4.9 A |
| α-l-Arabinofuranosidase (U/liter) | 22.7 ± 21.4 A | 48.4 ± 7.2 A | 42.7 ± 7.6 A |
| Endo-1,4-xylanase (U/liter) | 2.4 ± 0.9 A | 3.0 ± 1.0 A | 3.2 ± 1.8 A |
| Nitroreductase (% conversion of p-nitro benzoic acid) | 31.6 ± 0.5 A | 9.6 ± 2.4 B | 8.4 ± 1.7 B |
| Azoreductase (% conversion of amaranth) | 94.4 ± 5.4 A | 76.9 ± 6.0 B | 76.6 ± 18.1 AB |
Concentrations are of ammonium, acetate, propionate, butyrate, branched SCFAs, total SCFA, lactate, and succinate in the ascending (ASC), transverse (TR), and descending (DES) colon compartments (10 repetitions). Average enzymatic activities are of β-glucosidase (n = 8), β-glucuronidase (n = 4), β-d-xylosidase (n = 4), α-l-arabinofuranosidase (n = 8), endo-1,4-xylanase (n = 4), nitroreductase (n = 8), and azoreductase (n = 8) in the ASC, TR, and DES colon compartments of a stabilized Twin-SHIME (days 19, 21, 23, and 26). Corresponding colon regions of the SHIME units showed similar abundances, so averages from both units were calculated. The averages ± standard deviations are shown and are within one metabolite/enzyme. Values with different letters are significantly different.