Table 1.
Vector-borne pathogens/parasites and their mechanisms of transmission.
| Infectious agent Parasites | Class | Vector | Transmission | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parasites | ||||
| Babesia microti | Apicomplexa | Tick | salivation | Babesiosis |
| Brugia malayi | Nematoda | Mosquito | active escape | Filariasis |
| Drancunculus medinensis | Nematoda | Copepod | ingestion | Dracunculiasis |
| Leishmania spp. | Euglenozoa | Sandfly | regurgitation | Leishmaniasis |
| Loa loa | Nematoda | Deer fly | active escape | Filariasis |
| Mansonella ozzardi | Nematoda | Blackfly | active escape | Mansonellosis |
| Mansonella perstans | Nematoda | Biting midge | active escape | Mansonellosis |
| Onchocerca volvulus | Nematoda | Blackfly | active escape | River blindness |
| Plasmodium spp. | Apicomplexa | Mosquito | salivation | Malaria |
| Trypanosoma brucei | Euglenozoa | Tsetse fly | salivation | Sleeping sickness |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Euglenozoa | Triatome bug | stercorarian | Chagas disease |
| Wuchereria bancrofti | Nematoda | Mosquito | active escape | Filariasis |
| Viruses | ||||
| CCHF virusc | Bunyaviridae | Ixodid tick | salivation | Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever |
| Chikungunya virusc | Togaviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Chikungunya fever |
| DEN virus | Flavirviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Dengue |
| JE virusb | Flavirviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Japanese Encephalitis |
| LCE virusb | Bunyaviridae | Mosquito | salivation | LaCrosse Encephalitis |
| Ross River virus | Togaviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Ross River fever |
| RSSE virusc, CEE virusc | Flavirviridae | Ixodid tick | salivation | Tick-Borne Encephalitis |
| RVF virusa | Bunyaviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Rift Valley Fever |
| SLE virus | Flavirviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Saint Louis Encephalitis |
| VEE virusb | Togaviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis |
| WNE virusb | Flavirviridae | Mosquito | salivation | West Nile Encephalitis |
| Yellow fever virusc | Flavirviridae | Mosquito | salivation | Yellow Fever |
| Bacteria | ||||
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Alphaproteobacteria | Hard Tick | salivation | Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis |
| Bartonella bacilliformis | Alphaproteobacteria | Sand fly | salivation | Carrion’s disease |
| Bartonella quintana | Alphaproteobacteria | Louse | stercorarian | Trench fever |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Spirochaeta | Tick | salivation | Lyme Disease |
| Borrelia hermsii | Spirochaeta | Soft Tick | salivation | Tick-borne relapsing fever |
| Borrelia recurrentis | Spirochaeta | Louse | passive escape | Louse-borne relapsing fever |
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Alphaproteobacteria | Hard Tick | salivation | Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis |
| Francisella tularensisa | Gammaproteobacteria | Hard Tick, Deer fly | salivation | Tularemia |
| Orientia tsutsugamushi | Alphaproteobacteria | Mite | salivation | Scrub typhus |
| Rickettsia prowazekiib | Alphaproteobacteria | Louse | stercorarian | Epidemic typhus |
| Rickettsia rickettsiic | Alphaproteobacteria | Hard Tick | salivation | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Rickettsia typhic | Alphaproteobacteria | Flea | salivation | Murine typhus |
| Yersinia pestisa | Gammaproteobacteria | Flea | regurgitation | Plague |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense Category Aa, Bb, Cc priority pathogens (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/research/pages/cata.aspx)