Appendix 2.
Score on Empowerment Index |
Score on Mobility Index |
Any work |
Wage work |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variablea | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 |
Urban residence | 0.0921** | 0.0999** | 0.108** | 0.113** | −1.351*** | −1.350*** | −0.709*** | −0.708*** |
Age of the woman | 0.0198*** | 0.0190*** | 0.0161*** | 0.0156*** | 0.0304*** | 0.0303*** | 0.0273*** | 0.0272*** |
No. of children | 0.0435*** | 0.0396*** | 0.0229 | 0.0196 | 0.137*** | 0.136*** | −0.00758 | −0.00849 |
Other backward classes | −0.130*** | −0.132*** | −0.0493 | −0.0527 | 0.394*** | 0.394*** | 0.360*** | 0.361*** |
Dalit | 0.00456 | −0.00358 | −0.131** | −0.141** | 0.330*** | 0.328*** | 0.683*** | 0.682*** |
Adivasi | 0.0166 | 0.00698 | −0.0826 | −0.0963 | 0.893*** | 0.891*** | 1.114*** | 1.112*** |
Muslim | −0.128** | −0.131** | −0.190*** | −0.192*** | −0.212*** | −0.213*** | −0.269*** | −0.268*** |
Other religion | −0.122 | −0.132 | −0.13 | −0.126 | 0.306*** | 0.308*** | 0.133 | 0.133 |
1–5 grade education | 0.0105 | 0.019 | −0.0927 | −0.0917 | −0.438*** | −0.438*** | −0.459*** | −0.458*** |
6–9 grade education | 0.03 | 0.0315 | 0.0326 | 0.031 | −0.630*** | −0.630*** | −0.884*** | −0.885*** |
10 grade-some college | 0.0861 | 0.0746 | 0.0259 | 0.0161 | −0.576*** | −0.576*** | −0.224* | −0.226* |
College graduate | 0.276*** | 0.276*** | 0.303*** | 0.298*** | −0.102 | −0.104 | 0.756*** | 0.756*** |
Non-agricultural labour HH | 0.246*** | 0.247*** | 0.174** | 0.170** | −0.459*** | −0.460*** | −0.350*** | −0.351*** |
Small farmer HH | −0.0036 | −0.00681 | 0.0414 | 0.0344 | 0.451*** | 0.450*** | −1.175*** | −1.177*** |
Med./large farmer | −0.130* | −0.131* | −0.0966 | −0.103 | 0.302*** | 0.300*** | −1.718*** | −1.721*** |
Trade/artisan HH | 0.0634 | 0.0698 | 0.087 | 0.087 | −0.767*** | −0.768*** | −1.441*** | −1.441*** |
Salaried/professional HH | −0.00979 | −0.00423 | 0.193*** | 0.190** | −1.016*** | −1.020*** | −1.227*** | −1.229*** |
Retired/other HH | −0.215** | −0.255** | 0.06 | 0.0554 | −1.028*** | −1.036*** | −1.560*** | −1.568*** |
Log per capita consumption expenditure | 0.101*** | 0.0915*** | 0.106*** | 0.104*** | −0.105*** | −0.105*** | −0.451*** | −0.452*** |
Any older women in HH | −0.889*** | −0.747*** | −0.274*** | −0.167*** | −0.281*** | −0.266*** | −0.258*** | −0.229*** |
Migrant husband | 1.022*** | 1.954*** | 1.102*** | 1.742*** | 0.307*** | 0.555*** | 0.311** | 0.533*** |
Divorced/widowed | 3.012*** | 3.734*** | 1.757*** | 2.244*** | 1.029*** | 0.997*** | 1.530*** | 1.603*** |
Migrant * Older women | −1.918*** | −1.407*** | −0.432* | −0.521* | ||||
Divorced * Older women | −2.142*** | −1.317*** | 0.0856 | −0.217 | ||||
Constant | 0.767*** | 0.685** | 1.535*** | 1.522*** | 0.248 | 0.25 | 1.559*** | 1.564*** |
Cut 2 | 3.062*** | 2.979*** | 2.355*** | 2.345*** | ||||
Cut 3 | 4.347*** | 4.283*** | 3.024*** | 3.019*** | ||||
Cut 4 | 5.457*** | 5.432*** | ||||||
Cut 5 | 6.058*** | 6.062*** | ||||||
N | 30,972 | 30,972 | 27,125 | 27,125 | 33,370 | 33,370 | 33,370 | 33,370 |
p < 0.01
p < 0.05
p < 0.1.
Each regression also contains dummy variables for state of residence, results not reported. Source: India Human Development Survey, 2005.