Table 3.
Measurement and structural invariance across gender at cycle 1 Young adults (18-39 years old; n = 5748)
| Level of invariance |
X2 df p value |
CFI | TLI | RMSEA |
Δχ2 dfc p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement invariance | |||||
| M1. Configural | 66.3 14 < .0001 |
0.993 | 0.993 | 0.036 | N/A |
| M2. Metric (vs. M1) | 54.7 15 < .0001 |
0.995 | 0.995 | 0.03 | 8.7 4 0.0679 |
| M3. Tau equivalence (vs. M2) | 1108.1 19 < .0001 |
0.855 | 0.893 | 0.141 | 972.7 5 < .0001 |
| M4. Scalar - Complete (vs. M2) | 84.0 25 < .0001 |
0.992 | 0.996 | 0.029 | 41.5 13 <.0001 |
| M5. Scalar - Partial a (vs. M2) | 60.3 21 < .0001 |
0.995 | 0.997 | 0.026 | 11.3 8 0.1828 |
| M6. Scale factor - Partialb (vs. M5) | 62.1 23 < .0001 |
0.995 | 0.997 | 0.024 | 15.5 10 0.1142 |
| Structural invariance | |||||
| M7. Latent variances (vs. M6) | 48.1 17 < .0001 |
0.996 | 0.997 | 0.025 | 3.8 1 0.0522 |
| M8. Latent means (vs. M7) | 158.2 16 < .0001 |
0.981 | 0.983 | 0.056 | 69.7 2 < .0001 |
a The constraint of equal item threshold was relaxed for item C (restless or fidgety) and item F (everything is an effort).
b Complete invariance of the scale factors could not be investigated since items C and F had to be unconstrained in the preceding model (i.e., scalar invariance model). No additional items were freed to reach partial scale factor invariance.
c The degrees of freedom for the chi-square tests are adjusted for the WLSMV estimator and do not correspond to difference of degrees of freedom between the more constrained and the less constrained model.