Table 5.
Measurement and structural invariance across gender at cycle 1 Seniors (65 years old and over; n = 2525)
| Level of invariance |
X2 df p value |
CFI | TLI | RMSEA |
Δχ2 dfc p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement invariance | |||||
| M1. Configural | 35.8 14 < .0001 |
0.994 | 0.994 | 0.035 | N/A |
| M2. Metric (vs. M1) | 22.9 15 < .0001 |
0.998 | 0.998 | 0.020 | 0.634 5 0.9864 |
| M3. Tau equivalence (vs. M2) | 249.1 19 < .0001 |
0.934 | 0.955 | 0.098 | 207.3 5 < .0001 |
| M4. Scalar - Complete (vs. M2) | 60.8 23 < .0001 |
0.989 | 0.994 | 0.036 | 54.6 12 < .0001 |
| M5. Scalar - Partial a (vs. M2) | 32.7 20 < .0001 |
0.996 | 0.998 | 0.022 | 20.9 9 0.0132 |
| M6. Scale factor - Partialb (vs. M5) | 41.3 22 < .0001 |
0.994 | 0.997 | 0.026 | 22.9 10 0.0112 |
| Structural invariance | |||||
| M7. Latent variance (vs. M6) | 26.6 16 < .0001 |
0.997 | 0.998 | 0.023 | 0.324 1 0.5691 |
| M8. Latent means (vs. M7) | 88.4 15 < .0001 |
0.979 | 0.982 | 0.062 | 36.7 2 < .0001 |
a The constraint of equal item threshold was relaxed for item C (restless or fidgety) and item D (hopeless).
b Complete invariance of the scale factors could not be investigated since items C and D had to be unconstrained in the preceding models (i.e., metric or scalar invariance model). No additional items were freed to reach partial scale factor invariance.
c The degrees of freedom for the chi-square tests are adjusted for the WLSMV estimator and do not correspond to difference of degrees of freedom between the more constrained and the less constrained model.