Table 7.
Longitudinal measurement invariance across gender at cycles 1, 4 and 7 Pooled sample (n = 6336a)
| Level of invariance |
X2 df p value |
CFI | TLI | RMSEA |
Δχ2 dfe p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement invariance | |||||
| L1. Configural | 240.3 97 < .0001 |
0.982 | 0.993 | 0.022 | N/A |
| L2. Metric (vs. L1) | 263.8 98 < .0001 |
0.98 | 0.991 | 0.023 | 71.0 21 <.0001 |
| L3. Metric - Partialb (vs. L1) | 224.4 100 < .0001 |
0.985 | 0.994 | 0.02 | 25.5 19 0.1462 |
| L4. Scalar - Partialc (vs. L3) | 309.9 118 < .0001 |
0.976 | 0.992 | 0.023 | 145.8 40 <.0001 |
| L5. Scalar - Partiald (vs. L3) | 233.6 110 < .0001 |
0.985 | 0.994 | 0.019 | 45.2 27 0.0154 |
| L6. Scale factor - Partialc (vs. L5) | 234.1 114 < .0001 |
0.985 | 0.995 | 0.018 | 48.0 32 0.0342 |
| Structural invariance | |||||
| L7. Longitudinal stability (vs. L6) | 111.6 60 < .0001 |
0.994 | 0.996 | 0.016 | 5.8 5 0.3299 |
| L8. Latent variance (vs. L7) | 97.5 54 < .0001 |
0.995 | 0.996 | 0.016 | 4.4 4 0.3522 |
| L9. Latent means (vs. L8) | 198.3 53 < .0001 |
0.982 | 0.986 | 0.029 | 114.7 6 <.0001 |
| L10. Latent means - Longitudinal (vs. L8) | 105.4 55 < .0001 |
0.994 | 0.995 | 0.017 | 15.0 6 0.0199 |
a Number of respondents with complete data for cycles 1, 4 and 7.
b The constraint of equal factor loadings was relaxed at cycle 1 for item C (restless or fidgety) and over time in men for items B (nervous), C (restless or fidgety) and F (everything was an effort) and for women for items B and F.
c Complete invariance of the scale factors could not be investigated since some items had to be unconstrained in the preceding models.
d The constraint of equal items thresholds was relaxed for items A (so sad nothing could cheer you up), B and D (hopeless) at cycle 4 and for items C (restless or fidgety), D and F at cycle 7. In men, item A was freed whereas, in women, the constraint of equal item thresholds was relaxed for all items except E.
e The degrees of freedom for the chi-square tests are adjusted for the WLSMV estimator and do not correspond to difference of degrees of freedom between the more constrained and the less constrained model.