Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at the time of enrollment into the WHI by treatment assignment: frequency and (percent).
| Variable | WHISCA CEE+MPA Trial |
WHISCA CEE-Alone Trial |
Active vs Placebo p-value |
Between Trials p-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CEE+ MPA |
Placebo | CEE- Alone |
Placebo | |||
| Age--yrs, No. (%) | 0.22 | 0.18 | ||||
| 65-69 | 337 (49) | 346 (48) | 193 (44) | 204 (45) | ||
| 70-74 | 258 (37) | 260 (36) | 169 (39) | 163 (36) | ||
| 75+ | 96 (14) | 121 (17) | 72 (17) | 85 (19) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Education, No. (%) | 0.92 | <0.0001 | ||||
| < High school | 31 (5) | 35 (5) | 26 (6) | 27 (6) | ||
| High school/GED | 119 (17) | 152 (21) | 116 (27) | 107 (24) | ||
| > High school < 4 yr college | 292 (42) | 288 (40) | 176 (41) | 191 (42) | ||
| ≥ 4 yr college | 247 (36) | 251 (35) | 116 (27) | 127 (28) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | 0.29 | <0.0001 | ||||
| American Ind/Alaskan Native | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 8 (1) | 9 (1) | 7 (1) | 2 (0) | ||
| Black/African-American | 31 (4) | 32 (4) | 38 (9) | 44 (10) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 11 (2) | 5 (1) | 7 (1) | 6 (1) | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 633 (92) | 676 (93) | 372 (86) | 393 (87) | ||
| Other | 6 (1) | 4 (1) | 7 (1) | 7 (1) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Smoking Status, No. (%) | 0.70 | 0.31 | ||||
| Never | 355 (52) | 401 (56) | 257 (60) | 244 (54) | ||
| Former | 283 (42) | 283 (39) | 157 (37) | 170 (38) | ||
| Current | 42 (6) | 36 (5) | 16 (4) | 34 (8) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Body mass index--kg/m2, No. (%) | 0.57 | <0.001 | ||||
| < 25 | 216 (31) | 243 (34) | 110 (25) | 110 (25) | ||
| 25-29 | 247 (36) | 252 (35) | 157 (36) | 164 (37) | ||
| 30-34 | 141 (20) | 152 (21) | 96 (22) | 109 (24) | ||
| 35+ | 86 (12) | 77 (11) | 70 (16) | 65 (15) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hypertension status, No. (%) | 0.85 | <0.001 | ||||
| None | 384 (56) | 393 (54) | 201 (46) | 221 (49) | ||
| Current / controlled* | 93 (13) | 96 (13) | 83 (19) | 79 (17) | ||
| Current / uncontrolled | 214 (31) | 238 (33) | 150 (35) | 152 (34) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Alcohol intake—drinks, No. (%) | 0.88 | <0.001 | ||||
| None | 286 941) | 298 (41) | 211 (49) | 225 (50) | ||
| <1/day | 304 (44) | 330 (45) | 189 (44) | 173 (38) | ||
| 1-2/day | 88 (13) | 87 (12) | 30 (7) | 44 (10) | ||
| ≥3/day | 12 (2) | 12 (2) | 4 (1) | 8 (2) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Prior CVD, No. (%) | 0.54 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 630 (91) | 679 (93) | 384 (88) | 395 (87) | ||
| History of stroke | 7 (1) | 7 (1) | 5 (1) | 8 (2) | ||
| History of other CVDǐ | 54 (8) | 41 (6) | 45 (10) | 49 (11) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 0.48 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 653 (95) | 681 (94) | 390 (90) | 403 (89) | ||
| Yes | 37 (5) | 45 (6) | 44 (10) | 49 (11) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Prior use of hormone therapy | 0.85 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 545 (79) | 562 (77) | 219 (50) | 243 (54) | ||
| Yes | 146 (21) | 165 (23) | 215 (50) | 209 (46) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Ever use of oral contraceptives | 0.55 | 0.02 | ||||
| No | 482 (70) | 515 (71) | 336 (77) | 329 (73) | ||
| Yes | 209 (30) | 212 (29) | 98 (23) | 123 (27) | ||
|
| ||||||
| 3MSE at WHI enrollment | 0.72 | <0.001 | ||||
| <90 | 39 (6) | 37 (5) | 39 (9) | 37 (8) | ||
| 90-94 | 120 (17) | 133 (18) | 98 (23) | 107 (24) | ||
| ≥95 | 532 (77) | 557 (77) | 297 (68) | 308 (68) | ||
*
Measured to be less than 140/90 mmHg.
ǐ
Other CVD defined as myocardial infarction, angina, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft