Table 4. Means (and standard deviations) for children with phonological delays (PD) and children with typical development (TD) by phonotactic probability (rare vs. common) and neighborhood density (sparse vs. dense) for each probe type (expressive vs. receptive).
Children with PD | Children with TD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rare | Common | Rare | Common | |||||
Sparse | Dense | Sparse | Dense | Sparse | Dense | Sparse | Dense | |
Expressive | 0.63ac | 0.61c | 0.58a | 0.58 | 0.63ac | 0.60c | 0.58a | 0.61 |
(0.13) | (0.14) | (0.13) | (0.13) | (0.08) | (0.12) | (0.12) | (0.09) | |
Receptive | 0.88c | 0.86c | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.88c | 0.83bc | 0.88 | 0.89b |
(0.08) | (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.08) | (0.09) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.06) |
Effect of phonotactic probability in sparse neighborhoods: Rare significantly more accurate than common for both groups on the expressive probe.
Effect of phonotactic probability in dense neighborhoods: Children with TD significantly more accurate for common than rare on the receptive probe.
Effect of neighborhood density in rare sound sequences: Sparse significantly more accurate than dense for both groups on both probes.