Table 2.
Association between type-specific oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV clearance and serum retinoic acid concentrations among 364 women: Women-level analyses
| Oncogenic HPV | Non-Oncogenic HPV | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrients (ng/mL) | No. Cleared / women-months* |
Crude | Adjusted† | No. Cleared / women-months* |
Crude | Adjusted‡ | ||
| HR | HR | (95% CI) | HR | HR | (95% CI) | |||
| Total Retinoic Acid | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (≤ 2.86) | 50 / 783.18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent | 23 / 270.82 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 (2.86 – 3.46) | 42 / 824.05 | 0.84 | 0.75 | (0.49, 1.14) | 27 / 344.08 | 0.85 | 0.71 | (0.36, 1.41) |
| Quartile 3 (3.47 – 4.11) | 47 / 688.23 | 1.09 | 1.02 | (0.67, 1.55) | 25 / 330.51 | 0.81 | 0.82 | (0.44, 1.50) |
| Quartile 4 (> 4.11) | 48 / 883.48 | 0.96 | 0.86 | (0.56, 1.32) | 24 / 247.89 | 1.01 | 1.28 | (0.66, 2.47) |
| p for trend | 0.765 | 0.392 | ||||||
| 13-cis RA | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (≤ 1.16) | 49 / 705.81 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent | 26 / 371.09 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 (1.16 – 1.45) | 47 / 777.76 | 0.89 | 0.90 | (0.60, 1.36) | 24 / 245.88 | 1.24 | 1.09 | (0.58, 2.04) |
| Quartile 3 (1.46 – 1.76) | 45 / 875.76 | 0.74 | 0.73 | (0.47, 1.13) | 24 / 268.02 | 1.13 | 1.36 | (0.69, 2.68) |
| Quartile 4 (> 1.76) | 46 / 819.61 | 0.85 | 0.81 | (0.52, 1.26) | 25 / 308.30 | 1.03 | 1.10 | (0.61, 1.95) |
| p for trend | 0.252 | 0.647 | ||||||
| 9-cis RA | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (≤ 0.96) | 49 / 799.84 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent | 24 / 339.91 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 (0.97 – 1.20) | 41 / 707.94 | 0.98 | 0.87 | (0.57, 1.34) | 26 / 281.30 | 1.20 | 1.49 | (0.77, 2.89) |
| Quartile 3 (1.21 – 1.48) | 50 / 879.51 | 1.02 | 0.91 | (0.60, 1.39) | 25/ 301.67 | 1.10 | 1.34 | (0.69, 2.59) |
| Quartile 4 (> 1.48) | 47 / 791.66 | 1.06 | 0.96 | (0.63, 1.46) | 24 / 270.42 | 1.15 | 1.80 | (0.91, 3.54) |
| p for trend | 0.866 | 0.148 | ||||||
| all-trans RA | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (≤ 0.53) | 46 / 846.78 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent | 22 / 265.79 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 (0.54 – 0.71) | 47 / 780.85 | 1.09 | 1.25 | (0.81, 1.91) | 25 / 291.29 | 1.02 | 1.03 | (0.53, 1.99) |
| Quartile 3 (0.72 – 0.95) | 46 / 769.18 | 1.17 | 1.26 | (0.82, 1.93) | 26 / 360.54 | 0.98 | 1.32 | (0.71, 2.47) |
| Quartile 4 (> 0.95) | 48 / 782.13 | 1.26 | 1.22 | (0.79, 1.89) | 26 / 275.68 | 1.12 | 1.84 | (0.95, 3.59) |
| p for trend | 0.379 | 0.048 | ||||||
*
Numbers do not correspond to the crude measures since the Cox proportional hazard model accounts for the change in the RA over time while the numbers provided assume the HR does not vary over time.
†
Oncogenic models adjusted for income, education, pregnancy
‡
Non-oncogenic models adjusted for age, marital status, pregnancy, number of lifetime partners, and age at first intercourse