Table 2. Monosaccharides and Glycosylation Pathways in Animals.

Monosaccharides in Animal Glycans.

	Glc	Man	Gal	GlcNAc	GalNAc	Sia	Fuc	Xyl	GlcA
Major Pathways
N-GlcNAc	+	++	++	++	+	++	++	+	+
O-GalNAc	−	−	++	+	++	++	+	−	+
O-Xyl
HS	−	−	+	+++	−	−	−	+	+++
CS/DS	−	−	+	−	+++	−	−	+	+++
GSL	++	−	++	+	+	++	+	−	+
GPI	−	+++	+	+(GlcN)	−	+	−	−	−
Minor pathways
O-Man	−	++	++	++		++	+	−	+
O-Glc	++	−	−	−		−	−	+	−
O-Fuc	−	−	+	++	−	+	++	−	−

The various major and minor pathways are shown on the left side. Across the top is the standard abbreviation and symbols used to represent the individual monosaccharides (Essentials of Glycobiology, Second Edition). ++ indicates high abundance of the monosccharide; +, indicates presence; −, indicates absence from this class.

Glc	Man	Gal
GlcNAc	GalNAc	Sia
Fuc	Xyl	GlcA