Figure 3.
A proposed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-driven anticancer drug development scheme. Steps 1-3 identify pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic failures due to poor systemic properties, brain distribution or insufficient target inhibition. Step 4 studies are initiated with detailed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations that permit the development of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models that provide a quantitative basis to enter clinical testing.