Table 1.
Baseline Characteristic by Treatment Group
| Characteristic | Control Group (n=903) | Treatment Group (n=903) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 902 (25.4±5.5) | 903 (25.3±5.5) | .869 |
| Race | |||
| White | 552/900 (61.3) | 545/897 (60.8) | .336 |
| African American | 332/900 (36.9) | 343/897 (38.2) | |
| Other | 16/900 (1.8) | 9/897 (1.0) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 420/902 (46.6) | 442/903 (49.0) | .311 |
| Hispanic | 482/902 (53.4) | 461/903 (51.1) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 435/902 (48.2) | 459/903 (50.8) | .854 |
| Widowed | 3/902 (0.3) | 3/903 (0.3) | |
| Married/partner | 431/902 (47.8) | 408/903 (45.2) | |
| Divorced | 14/902 (1.6) | 14/903 (1.6) | |
| Separated | 19/902 (2.1) | 19/903 (2.1) | |
| Education (y) | |||
| None | 5/900 (0.6) | 4/903 (0.4) | .472 |
| Elementary (1–6) | 71/900 (7.9) | 75/903 (8.3) | |
| Junior high school (7–8) | 62/900 (6.9) | 84/903 (9.3) | |
| High school (9–12) | 558/900 (62.0) | 528/903 (58.5) | |
| College (13–16) | 177/900 (19.7) | 184/903 (20.4) | |
| Graduate (17+) | 27/900 (3.0) | 28/903 (3.1) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Private | 65/888 (7.3) | 72/893 (8.1) | .838 |
| Medicaid | 562/888 (63.3) | 559/893 (62.6) | |
| No insurance | 261/888 (29.4) | 262/893 (29.3) | |
| Receiving public assistance | |||
| Yes | 638/898 (71.0) | 611/898 (68.0) | .166 |
| No | 260/898 (29.0) | 287/898 (32.0) | |
| Maternal weight prepregnancy (kg) | 852 (69.5±19.1) | 830 (69.1±18.9) | .676 |
| Maternal height (cm) | 884 (159.7±7.8) | 885 (160.0±7.7) | .351 |
| Mean gestational age at randomization (wk) | 903 (19 5/7±2 1/7) | 903 (19.6±2.2) | .901 |
| Previous pregnancy classification | |||
| Any pregnancy | 710/902 (78.7) | 688/899 (76.5) | .266 |
| Full-term birth | 587/902 (65.1) | 593/899 (66.0) | .693 |
| Preterm birth | 96/902 (10.6) | 81/899 (9.0) | .244 |
| Previous abortions | 277/902 (30.7) | 246/899 (27.4) | .118 |
| Live births | 627/902 (69.5) | 622/899 (69.2) | .881 |
| Gravida | 903 (1.7±1.5) | 902 (1.6±1.5) | .770 |
| Parity | 903 (1.2±1.1) | 902 (1.2±1.2) | .497 |
| Self-reported street drug use during pregnancy* | 14/901 (1.6) | 17/901 (1.9) | .587 |
| Self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy* | 34/902 (3.8) | 54/903 (6.0) | .029 |
| Self-reported smoking during pregnancy* | 87/902 (9.7) | 98/903 (10.9) | .398 |
| Dental status at baseline | |||
| Percentage of tooth sites that bled on probing | 891 (45.2±27.0) | 890 (47.1±26.3) | .149 |
| Percentage of tooth sites with probing depth of at least 4 mm | 891 (26.1±15.5) | 890 (26.6±15.7) | .465 |
Data are n/total n (%) or n (mean±standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
*
Self-reported data reporting of any drug, alcohol, or smoking use during pregnancy are based on self report at either baseline or postpartum examination interview.