Table 3.
Risk of serious liver disease in the presence of three pre-existing features of the metabolic syndrome — chronic hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity — in relation to the presence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in 2 497 777 participants
| Feature of metabolic syndrome ≤ 36 mo before study entry and/or diabetes | No. (%) of all participants n = 2 497 777 | Risk of serious liver disease | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate per 10 000 person-years | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | ||
| Hypertension | |||
| Neither hypertension nor diabetes mellitus | 1 706 976 (68.3) | 3.8 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Hypertension without diabetes mellitus | 352 732 (14.1) | 6.3 | 1.23 (1.14–1.31) |
| Diabetes with or without hypertension | 438 069 (17.5) | 8.2 | 1.88 (1.78–1.98) |
| Dyslipidemia | |||
| Neither dyslipidemia nor diabetes mellitus | 1 763 056 (70.6) | 4.3 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Dyslipidemia without diabetes mellitus | 296 652 (11.9) | 3.5 | 0.68 (0.62–0.74) |
| Diabetes with or without dyslipidemia | 438 069 (17.5) | 8.2 | 1.66 (1.57–1.75) |
| Obesity | |||
| Neither obesity nor diabetes mellitus | 1 980 773 (79.3) | 4.1 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Obesity without diabetes mellitus | 78 935 (3.2) | 4.9 | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) |
| Diabetes with or without obesity | 438 069 (17.5) | 8.2 | 1.78 (1.70–1.88) |
CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio.
*
Adjusted for age (continuous, in years); income quintile; urban residence; presence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity or cardiovascular disease within 36 months before study entry; number of hospital admissions within 36 months before study entry; and number of primary care visits within 12 months before study entry. Adjustment was not performed on the feature of the metabolic syndrome that was being explored.