Table 3.

Longitudinal analysis of univariate association between lupus biomarkers and SLE disease activity, using SLAM and modified SELENA–SLEDAI scores in a cohort of 156 SLE patients^*

	SLAM score				Modified SELENA-SLEDAI score†
Biomarker	Partial R2‡	Coefficient	SE	P	Partial R2‡	Coefficient	SE	P
EB-CAP
E-C3d	0.018	0.10	0.03	0.0004	0.008	0.05	0.02	0.02
E-C4d	0.019	0.03	0.01	0.0003	0.013	0.02	0.01	0.003
Traditional
Serum C3	0.020	−1.49	0.40	0.0002	0.021	−1.10	0.29	0.0001
Serum C4	0.005	−0.44	0.25	0.07	0.002	−0.21	0.17	0.21
Anti-dsDNA	0.018	1.02	0.29	0.0005	0.009	0.68	0.27	0.01

^*SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SLAM = Systemic Lupus Activity Measure; EB-CAP = erythrocyte-bound complement activation product; E-C3d = erythrocyte-bound C3d.

^†The modified Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus: National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA–SLEDAI) excluded serum C3, C4, and anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody parameters.

^‡Type II sums of squares tests.