Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 2964 subjects
| Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Age,y, mean ± SD | 76 ± 6 |
| Caucasian*,† | 2665 (90) |
| Education*,† | |
| Less than high school | 157 (5) |
| High School | 475 (16) |
| Some college or beyond | 2332 (79) |
| Smoking status* | |
| Current smoker | 58 (2) |
| Former smoker | 1737 (59) |
| Never smoked | 1168 (39) |
| Alcohol use* | |
| <1 drink/wk | 1387 (47) |
| 1–13 drinks/wk | 1396 (47) |
| 14+ drinks/week | 167 (6) |
| Self-reported good or excellent health status* | 2570 (87) |
| Living alone*,§ | 399 (14) |
| Work for pay or volunteer | 1313 (44) |
| Caffeine use, mg/day, median (IQR) ** | 180 (36–368) |
| IADL impairments* | |
| None | 2344 (79) |
| 1–2 | 495 (17) |
| 3+ | 124 (4) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27 ± 4 |
| 3MS Score, 0–100, median (IQR) ** | 94 (90–97) |
| Depressed (GDS≥6) * | 193 (7) |
| Medical conditions*,‡ | |
| 0 | 1740 (59) |
| 1 | 982 (33) |
| 2+ | 241 (8) |
| Use of antidepressants* | 229 (8) |
| Use of benzodiazepines* | 133 (5) |
| Use of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic/hypnotics* | 59 (2) |
| PASE, mean ± SD | 146 ± 71 |
| Number of deaths* | 233 (8) |
| CVD-related deaths | 78 (34) |
| Cancer-related deaths | 75 (32) |
| Other deaths | 80 (34) |
SD = Standard Deviation; IADL=Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; BMI=Body Mass Index; 3MS=Teng Modified Mini-Mental Examination Score; GDS=Geriatric Depression Scale; SD=Standard Deviation; CVD=Cardiovascular Disease; PASE=Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly;
Unless otherwise stated, values represent number, with percentage in parentheses.
Measurements obtained at baseline study visit an average of 3.2 years earlier
Medical conditions include physician diagnosis of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Measurement obtained at interim study visit an average of 1.4 years earlier.
Continuous variables have a skewed distribution.