Table 1.
Facility and patient characteristics stratified by discharge year: percentage or mean (sd).
| Total | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, N | 101,188 | 8,185 | 12,790 | 11,277 | 11,251 | 11,801 | 13,447 | 14,330 | 14,458 | 3,649 |
| Hospital unit | 62.6% | 61.7% | 54.1% | 55.8% | 63.6% | 65.6% | 66.4% | 65.4% | 65.6% | 66.2% |
| Freestanding | 37.4% | 38.2% | 45.9% | 44.2% | 36.4% | 34.4% | 33.6% | 34.6% | 34.4% | 33.8% |
| Age, yrs | 54.2 (24.0) | 47.1 (22.9) | 48.5 (23.0) | 51.2 (23.8) | 53.4 (24.2) | 55.0 (24.0) | 56.3 (23.9) | 57.7 (23.6) | 58.6 (23.6) | 59.1 (23.3) |
| <45 | 38.0% | 51.0% | 48.0% | 43.5% | 39.9% | 36.3% | 34.0% | 31.6% | 30.0% | 28.6% |
| 45-64 | 21.2% | 21.0% | 22.2% | 20.8% | 19.7% | 20.8% | 21.3% | 21.8% | 21.6% | 22.5% |
| 65-74 | 12.1% | 9.6% | 10.2% | 11.3% | 12.5% | 13.0% | 12.5% | 12.7% | 13.1% | 13.9% |
| 75+ | 28.7% | 18.4% | 19.7% | 24.5% | 28.0% | 29.9% | 32.2% | 33.9% | 35.2% | 35.0% |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Men | 65.0% | 68.2% | 66.9% | 66.2% | 65.3% | 64.0% | 63.5% | 64.3% | 64.0% | 63.6% |
| Women | 35.0% | 31.8% | 33.1% | 33.8% | 34.7% | 36.0% | 36.5% | 35.7% | 36.0% | 36.4% |
| Married | ||||||||||
| No | 59.9% | 62.9% | 62.0% | 60.8% | 60.2% | 59.5% | 59.4% | 58.9% | 58.0% | 58.6% |
| Yes | 40.1% | 37.1% | 38.0% | 39.2% | 39.8% | 40.5% | 40.6% | 41.1% | 42.0% | 41.4% |
| Race / ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 79.6% | 77.7% | 79.0% | 79.2% | 78.9% | 80.0% | 80.6% | 79.9% | 80.6% | 78.6% |
| Black | 9.2% | 11.7% | 10.8% | 9.8% | 9.4% | 8.6% | 8.4% | 8.6% | 7.9% | 8.3% |
| Hispanic | 7.1% | 6.9% | 6.5% | 7.2% | 7.6% | 7.5% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 6.8% | 8.5% |
| Other | 4.1% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 4.2% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 4.6% |
| Primary insurance | ||||||||||
| Medicare | 36.9% | 24.7% | 26.4% | 33.7% | 36.9% | 39.7% | 41.6% | 42.5% | 42.3% | 41.7% |
| Medicare managed care | 2.6% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 3.4% | 4.5% | 5.5% |
| Commercial | 22.8% | 27.9% | 28.0% | 25.1% | 23.2% | 21.7% | 20.5% | 20.3% | 19.8% | 19.6% |
| Managed care | 7.5% | 11.3% | 11.7% | 7.7% | 6.6% | 6.4% | 6.2% | 5.9% | 6.2% | 5.9% |
| Medicaid | 9.0% | 13.0% | 12.2% | 10.2% | 8.3% | 8.0% | 8.1% | 7.4% | 7.5% | 6.9% |
| Other | 21.1% | 21.8% | 20.2% | 21.4% | 22.9% | 21.9% | 21.0% | 20.5% | 19.7% | 20.4% |
| Living situation | ||||||||||
| With others | 75.0% | 76.4% | 75.5% | 76.3% | 76.2% | 74.8% | 74.4% | 73.6% | 74.2% | 73.8% |
| Alone | 24.1% | 22.0% | 23.1% | 23.0% | 23.2% | 24.5% | 24.9% | 25.5% | 25.0% | 25.3% |
| Admitted from | ||||||||||
| Acute care | 94.6% | 93.3% | 94.4% | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.6% | 94.7% | 94.9% | 95.0% | 94.8% |
| LTCF | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.1% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.7% |
| Community | 1.9% | 3.1% | 2.5% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 1.3% |
| Discharge setting | ||||||||||
| Community | 76.9% | 81.3% | 80.7% | 78.1% | 77.2% | 76.5% | 75.9% | 74.5% | 74.1% | 74.2% |
| Acute care | 8.8% | 4.6% | 5.0% | 7.9% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 10.7% | 10.1% | 10.9% | 10.4% |
| LTCF | 8.7% | 9.0% | 9.1% | 8.8% | 8.3% | 8.5% | 8.0% | 9.2% | 8.8% | 8.5% |
| Rehab / subacute | 4.7% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.9% |
| Onset to admission, days | 19.7 (29.4) | 20.9 (30.2) | 20.5 (29.1) | 20.4 (29.5) | 20.8 (32.0) | 19.6 (29.0) | 19.5 (30.4) | 18.7 (29.2) | 18.3 (26.8) | 18.2 (26.1) |
| Length of Stay | 18.7 (16.8) | 22.7 (20.5) | 22.4 (20.9) | 19.5 (17.0) | 18.4 (15.9) | 17.9 (15.6) | 17.5 (15.2) | 17.1 (15.1) | 16.8 (14.4) | 16.6 (14.8) |
| FIM® total admission | 56.6 (22.8) | 58.6 (24.7) | 58.7 (24.3) | 57.5 (23.9) | 57.1 (23.2) | 56.5 (22.5) | 56.0 (21.9) | 55.0 (21.7) | 55.0 (21.2) | 54.8 (21.1) |
| FIM® total discharge | 87.7 (24.5) | 92.4 (24.2) | 92.1 (23.9) | 89.5 (25.0) | 87.6 (24.9) | 86.8 (24.4) | 86.3 (24.5) | 85.2 (24.3) | 84.7 (24.0) | 85.0 (24.0) |
| FIM® total change | 31.1 (19.9) | 33.8 (20.5) | 33.4 (20.0) | 31.9 (20.6) | 30.5 (20.3) | 30.3 (19.8) | 30.3 (19.7) | 30.3 (19.5) | 29.7 (19.0) | 30.2 (18.4) |
| Efficiency, change/day | 2.2 (2.0) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.2 (2.1) | 2.2 (2.1) | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.3 (2.1) | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.3 (2.1) | 2.4 (2.0) |
Yearly summaries represent fiscal year periods (Oct 1 through Sep 30) from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dashed vertical line signifies introduction of the prospective payment system (PPS), resulting in substantial changes to functional evaluation and patient management processes. FIM total ratings include all 13 motor items across all years.