Table 2.
Study | Study design includes pre-post intervention data | Study design includes control or comparison group | Study design includes cohort | Comparison groups equivalent at baseline on socio-demographics | Comparison groups equivalent at baseline on outcome measures | Random assignment (group or individual) to the intervention | Participants randomly selected for assessment | Control for potential confounders | Follow-up rate ≥ 75% | Total rigour score (min score = 1; max score = 9) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allen, Serufilira, 1992 [22] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | Yes | N/A | Yes | 4 |
Allen, 1993 [23] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | Yes | No | Yes | 4 |
Allen, Tice, 1992 [24] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | No | N/A | Yes | 3 |
Anderson, 2004 [25] | Yes | No | No | No | N/A | No | No | Yes | N/A | 2 |
Bentley, 1998 [26] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | No | N/A | Yes | 3 |
Bhave, 1995 [27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | 6 |
Cartoux, 1999 [28] | No | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 1 |
Chamot, 1999 [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | N/A | No | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
Chandisarewa, 2007 [30] | Yes | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 2 |
Clark, 1998 [31] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | Yes | No | Yes | 4 |
Creanga, 2007 [32] | No | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | Yes | N/A | 2 |
Coyne, 2007 [33] | Yes | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 2 |
Farquhar, 2004 [34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 5 |
Ghys, 2002 [35] | Yes | No | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | Yes | N/A | 2 |
Hamlyn, 2007 [36] | Yes | Yes | No | No | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 2 |
Jones, 2004 [37] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 7 |
Jones, 2006 [38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 8 |
Khoshnood, 2006 [39] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NR | No | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
Kiarie, 2006 [40] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | Yes | 3 |
King, 1995 [41] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | No | N/A | Yes | 3 |
Kissinger, 1995 [42] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6 |
McCarthy, 1992 [43] | No | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 1 |
Peck, 2003 [44] | Yes | No | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 1 |
Rasch, 2006 [45] | No | Yes | No | NR | N/A | No | No | Yes | N/A | 2 |
Richardson, 2004 [46] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | 5 |
Semrau, 2005 [47] | No | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 1 |
Sherr, 2007 [48] | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | NR | No | No | Yes | No | 4 |
Simpson, 1998 [49] | No | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | Yes | No | No | N/A | 3 |
Sirivongrangson, 2006 [50] | No | Yes | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | N/A | N/A | 1 |
Stringer, 2007 [51] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | Yes | No | No | No | 5 |
Stringer, 2001 [52] | Yes | Yes | No | No | N/A | No | No | Yes | N/A | 3 |
Stringer, 2003 [53] | No | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | Yes | No | No | Yes | 4 |
Van't Hoog, 2005 [54] | Yes | No | No | N/A | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | 1 |
Wingood, 2004 [55] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 8 |
Xu, 2002 [56] | Yes | No | Yes | N/A | N/A | No | No | N/A | Yes | 3 |
N/A: not applicable; NR: not reported