Table II.

Summary of Included Studies

Author	Year	Indication	Study Setting	GIK Formulation, U/kg/h insulin	Infusion Duration, h	Mortality Timing	Treatment, N	Control, N	Treatment Mortality, n	Control Mortality, n	Sequence Generationa	Allocation Concealmentb	Blindingc	Selective Outcome Reportingd
Pentecost	1968	AMI	ICU	Not weight-based	48	In-hospital	100	100	15	16	C	C	A	B
Thys	1974	AMI	ICU	Not weight-based	168	In-hospital	85	89	14	10	C	C	C	C
Rackley	1976	AMI	ICU	0.075	48	In-hospital	8	8	1	2	C	C	C	C
Stanley	1978	AMI Unclear		0.075	48	In-hospital	55	55	4	9	C	C	A	C
Mantle	1981	AMI	ICU	0.075	48	In-hospital	41	44	2	4	C	C	C	B
Rogers	1982	AMI	ICU	0.075	48	In-hospital	96	94	4	9	C	C	C	B
Oldfield	1986	MVR	OR	Not weight-based	12	In-hospital	20	23	0	2	C	C	C	C
Coleman	1989	CABG	OR	0.08	48	60-d	11	11	1	4	C	C	A	B
Lazar	1997	CABG	OR	0.05	12+	In-hospital	16	15	0	0	B	C	C	B
Lazar	2000	CABG	OR	Not weight-based	12+	In-hospital	20	20	0	0	B	C	C	A
Turkoz	2000	CABG	OR	0.14	Othere	In-hospital	15	16	1	0	C	C	C	B
Lindholm	2001	CABG±AVR	OR	Not weight-based	Otherg	In-hospital	16	14	0	1	C	C	C	C
Smith	2002	CABG	OR	0.05	10	30-d	22	22	0	0	A	C	A	B
Lell	2002	CABG	OR	0.075	12	In-hospital	21	20	0	0	C	A	A	B
Lazar	2003	CABG	OR	Not weight-based	12	30-d	72	69	0	0	C	C	A	A
Pache	2004	AMI	ICU	0.072	24	30-d	155	157	7	5	A	C	A	A
Krljanac	2005	AMI	ICU	0.05	24	1-y	78	40	3	4	C	C	A	C
Koskenkari	2005	CABG+AVR	OR	1	6+	In-hospital	20	20	0	1	C	C	C	B
Mehta	2005	AMI	ICU	0.075	24	30-d	10 088	10 107	1004	976	A	A	A	A
Ranasinghe	2006	CABG	OR	0.0525	6+	In-hospital	157	160	3	3	A	A	A	A
Quinn	2006	CABG	OR	0.0525	6+	In-hospital	138	142	3	2	A	A	A	C
Li	2006	AMI	ICU	0.075	24	In-hospital	9	12	0	0	C	C	C	C
Zuurbier	2008	CABG	OR	0.1	24+	In-hospital	23	21	0	0	A	A	C	C

AMI, acute myocardial infarction; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; GIK, glucose–insulin–potassium; ICU, intensive care unit; MVR, mitral valve replacement; N, number of subjects in each group; n, number of subjects with primary outcome in each group.

^aSequence generation: grade A = adequate, grade B = inadequate, grade C = unknown.

^bAllocation concealment: grade A = performed, grade B = not performed, grade C = unknown.

^cBlinding: grade A = blinded, grade B = not blinded, grade C = unknown.

^dSelective outcome reporting: grade A = not suggested, grade B = suggested, grade C = unknown.

^eGIK administered from induction of anesthesia until the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

^gGIK administered from 15 minutes before rewarming until 30 minutes after CPB discontinued.