Fig. 13.
Generation of the atria models over the cardiac cycle. (A) Atria models fit to the end-diastolic time frame. (B) Atria models from (A) with the ventricle models at a later time frame (end-systole). The atria models are translated downward according to the longitudinal contraction of the ventricles resulting in (C). The models are then scaled longitudinally keeping the apex of the atria constant. The base of the atria are set to fit the base of the ventricles. The atria are then scaled transversely until they have a particular volume (D).