FIG. 1.

Mutations in VP1/2 N termini affect transduction of rAAV. (A) The AAV genome contains genes that code for Rep proteins involved in replication and Cap proteins that comprise the capsid. Specific Cap proteins harbor a phospholipase domain (PLA₂) (HD) and basic regions (BR) (+) that are putative nuclear localization signals. (B) Capsid mutants used in this study are listed by sequence, and amino acid changes are shown in red letters. (C) Western blot (WB) analysis of purified virus (5 × 10⁹ vg) blotted with antibody B1, which detects VP1, VP2, and VP3. (D and E) Luciferase assay of transduction in HEK-293 cells (D) and HeLa cells (E). Cells were inoculated with rAAV2 or mutants that package TR-CMV-Luc (10,000 vg/cell), and luciferase activity was quantified 24 h later. Error bars represent standard deviations from three independent samples.