FIGURE 7.

Txnip transcription can sense glycolytic rate. A, HeLa cells were left untreated or treated with indicated OXPHOS inhibitors for 1, 2, or 4 h, and lactate levels in the medium were determined. B, HeLa cells maintained in glucose-containing medium were treated with the indicated glycolytic intermediates for 2 h (G6P, 25 mm; GADP, 5 mm; 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) 5 mm) with or without rotenone. C, HeLa cells, preincubated with 0.5 mm iodoacetate (IodoAc), 0.5 mm sodium acetate (NaAC), or 10 mm oxamate for 20 min, were incubated in the absence or presence of NaN₃ or rotenone for 2 h. D, the GAPDH protein level in HeLa cells transfected with two siRNAs targeting GAPDH was significantly reduced, as indicated by immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates (left). The effect of rotenone on Txnip expression was reversed by GAPDH-specific siRNAs (right). In B–D, Txnip mRNA levels were scored by real-time PCR. Error bars in B–D indicate S.E.