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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2010 Jul;236:219–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x

Fig. 2. PD-1 signaling.

Fig. 2

Ligation of TCR and PD-1 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation (P) of the ITIM and ITSM of PD-1. Binding of the ITSM by SHP-1 or SHP-2 results in the dephosphorylation of proximal signaling molecules and augmentation of PTEN expression. This effectively attenuates the activation of the PI3K and Akt pathways. PD-1 signaling may result in decreased T-cell proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, and IL-2 production. (Red arrows and text indicate consequence of PD-1-mediated signaling)