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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 7;230(2):187–196. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.018

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

Proposed effect of GSTA4-4 on 4-HNE and serum depletion in NF-κB signal transduction pathway. The solid arrow → indicate a positive effect or induction on the downstream pathway, the symbol ⊣ indicates suppressive effect. The central role of GSTA4-4 mediated through NF-κB pathway is by conjugation of 4-HNE, adapted from EMD Chemicals, Inc. website.