Figure 6. Dietary effects on phosphorylation and expression of metabolic regulatory proteins in muscle and liver.

Samples were obtained from C57B6 mice (n = 3 for each group) fed for 12 weeks with STD, HFD or the high-KAA HFD (E/N = 1.8) except for (D), where mice were fed with the control HFD (cont.) or with HFD under varying E/N ratios. Total and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt; Ser⁴⁷³) in the liver and muscle (A), S6K1 or S6K1-Thr⁴²¹/Ser⁴²⁴ in the soleus muscle (B), and total and phosphorylated muscle AMPKα (C) were analyzed by Western blot. (D) Gene expression of UCP-3 in the soleus muscle was quantified by RT-PCR. Values are expressed as mean+/−SEM (n = 9). Symbols in (D) signify significant difference (p<0.05) for the comparison with STD (*) or control HFD (#).