Table 1. Plasma metabolic parameters in C57B6 mice fed HFD with or without high E/N manipulation by KAA.

	STD	HFD	HFD+KAA
E/N ratio	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.8
	(n = 9)	(n = 9)	(n = 9)	(n = 9)	(n = 9)
Glucose (mmol/l)	11.8±0.6	14.1±0.4*	13.6±0.5*	12.8±0.6	13.7±0.6*
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	72±6	70±3	65±4	77±10	64±3
FFA (mmol/l)	0.48±0.03	0.38±0.03*	0.35±0.03*	0.37±0.03*	0.38±0.03*
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	117±5	158±6*	145±7*	132±5#	128±5#
Acetoacetate (µmol/l)	144±4	131±3*	133±3*	136±6	137±4
β-OH-butyrate (µmol/l)	203±31	185±20	167±16	192±32	249±33#
Insulin (ng/ml)	0.8±0.1	3.7±0.5*	2.7±0.5*	2.1±0.3*,#	1.8±0.3*,#
Leptin (ng/ml)	4.3±0.4	40.5±9.0*	31.5±7.0*	14.2±3.6*,#	13.3±3.4*,#
IL-6(pg/ml)	N.A.	4.6±0.4	4.7±0.2	4.3±0.7	4.5±0.4
TNFα(ng/ml)	N.A.	11.6±0.1	11.6±0.0	11.6±0.0	11.6±0.3
Resistin (ng/ml)	N.A.	6.3±0.5	6.9±0.6	5.0±0.6	5.0±0.6

Data represent mean +/− SE. *, p<0.05 for all high E/N groups compared with STD group (E/N = 0.8); #, p<0.05 for high E/N groups with HFD control. N.A., not analyzed.