Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (N=2907) |
Heart failure (N = 342) |
No heart failure (N = 2565) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.6 (2.9) | 74.2 (2.9) | 73.5 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Female, N (%) | 1513 (52.0) | 156 (45.6) | 1357 (52.9) | 0.010 |
| Black race, N (%) | 1201 (41.3) | 163 (47.4) | 1038 (40.5) | 0.015 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | ||||
| Current | 305 (10.5) | 51 (15.0) | 254 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Past | 1311 (45.2) | 167 (49.0) | 1144 (44.7) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, N (%) | ||||
| < 25 | 947 (32.6) | 107 (31.3) | 840 (32.8) | 0.001 |
| 25–30 | 1222 (42.0) | 121 (35.4) | 1101 (42.9) | |
| >30 | 738 (25.4) | 114 (33.3) | 624 (24.3) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136.0 (21.0) | 142.8 (23.3) | 135.1 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71.4 (11.7) | 72.9 (12.9) | 71.2 (11.5) | 0.061 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 65.3 (11.0) | 67.4 (12.3) | 65.0 (10.8) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 1257 (43.5) | 188 (55.1) | 1069 (42.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 424 (14.7) | 72 (21.1) | 352 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Depression, N (%) | 60 (2.1) | 7 (2.1) | 53 (2.1) | 0.576 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, N (%) | 197 (6.8) | 33 (9.9) | 164 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, N (%) | 472 (16.5) | 111 (33.0) | 361 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, N (%) | 346 (11.9) | 56 (16.4) | 290 (11.3) | 0.006 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 104.0 (34.2) | 112.3 (45.0) | 102.9 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.8 (3.1) | 39.6 (3.1) | 39.8 (3.1) | 0.216 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.05 (0.4) | 1.15 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 203.2 (38.3) | 199.4 (39.3) | 203.7 (38.1) | 0.052 |
| High density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 54.3 (17.0) | 52.0 (17.1) | 54.6 (17.0) | 0.001 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 121.9 (34.6) | 120.0 (34.8) | 122.2 (34.5) | 0.190 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 136.9 (77.0) | 137.3 (71.9) | 136.8 (77.7) | 0.575 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | 2.4 (1.9) | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.3 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, µg/mL | 3.0 (4.7) | 3.8 (6.5) | 2.9 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Tumor necrosis factor α, pg/mL | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.7) | <0.001 |