Table 4.
Retention and outcomes for HIV-infected children in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy in Zambia, by year of enrollment
| First Year N (%) |
Second Year N (%) |
Third Year N (%) |
Fourth Year N (%) |
p-trenda | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban | n = 119 | n = 133 | n = 87 | N = 97 | |
| At ART initiation | |||||
| Age (yrs): Med (IQR) | 7.4 (3.6, 10.6) | 6.8 (3.0, 9.7) | 7.0 (3.7, 9.9) | 6.0 (2.4, 9.1) | 0.21 |
| CD4%: Med (IQR) | 8.8 (4.8, 12.7) | 11.6 (6.8, 17.5) | 11.4 (7.1, 16.0) | 12.8 (9.0, 18.6) | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 11 (9.2) | 17 (12.8) | 4 (4.6) | 3 (3.1) | |
| At 6 months | |||||
| Still receiving care | 90 (75.6) | 104 (78.2) | 67 (77.0) | 86 (88.7) | 0.03 |
| Death | 8 (6.7) | 12 (9.0) | 3 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.009 |
| Transferred | 7 (5.9) | 7 (5.3) | 7 (5.1) | 4 (4.1) | 0.81 |
| Defaulted | 14 (11.8) | 10 (7.5) | 10 (11.5) | 7 (7.2) | 0.44 |
| Immunologic outcome | N = 49 (54.4)b | N = 67 (64.4) | N = 47 (70.2) | N = 33 (38.4) | |
| CD4%: Med (IQR) | 22.7 (15.9, 27.8) | 24.5 (19.7, 33.1) | 22.7 (16.0, 28.5) | 26.7 (22.4, 31.8) | 0.15 |
| Change in CD4%: Med (IQR)c | 12.4 (8.1, 15.9) | 13.3 (9.1, 17.7) | 10.3 (4.2, 14.3) | 12.8 (6.7, 16.6) | 0.24 |
| Clinical outcome | N = 48 (53.3)b | N = 74 (71.2) | N = 49 (73.1) | N = 35 (40.7) | |
| WAZ < -2 | 18 (37.5) | 32 (43.2) | 21 (42.9) | 11 (31.4) | 0.65 |
| Rural | n = 19 | n = 39 | n = 71 | ||
| At ART initiation | |||||
| Age (yrs): Med (IQR) | 8.1 (3.4, 10.1) | 6.5 (1.9, 10.7) | 3.1 (1.7, 7.3) | 0.03 | |
| CD4%: Med (IQR) | 9.0 (9.0, 9.0) | 11.8 (8.0, 16.0) | 13.7 (9.5, 18.4) | 0.23 | |
| Missing | 18 (94.7) | 13 (33.3) | 27 (38.0) | ||
| At 6 months | |||||
| Still receiving care | 16 (84.2) | 31 (79.5) | 51 (71.8) | 0.21 | |
| Death | 2 (10.5) | 5 (12.8) | 9 (12.7) | 0.84 | |
| Transferred | 1 (5.3) | 2 (5.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0.81 | |
| Defaulted | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 8 (11.3) | 0.04 | |
| Immunologic outcome | N = 4 (25.0)b | N = 13 (41.9) | N = 20 (39.2) | ||
| CD4%: Med (IQR) | 12.1 (10.6, 28.8) | 19.4 (14.4, 33.1) | 25.9 (18.2, 32.9) | 0.22 | |
| Change in CD4%: Med (IQR)c | 3.4 (3.4, 3.4) | 7.7 (-2.4, 20.0) | 12.6 (4.9, 21.0) | 0.29 | |
| Clinical outcome | N = 12 (75.0)b | N = 18 (58.1) | N = 32 (62.8) | ||
| WAZ < -2 | 8 (66.7) | 10 (55.6) | 16 (50.0) | 0.33 | |
ART: antiretroviral therapy; WAZ: Weight-for-age z-score (only for children younger than 10 years); IQR: interquartile range
a p-trend calculated from Mantel-Haenszel χ2 for categorical variables and Cuzick's non-parametric test for trend for continuous variable.
b Numbers in parentheses represent the proportion of those receiving care at 6 months for whom a measure is available
c Samples sizes are smaller than indicated due to missing data at ART initiation