Table 4.
Effects of trimester-specific pollutant exposures on birth weight, in grams (95% confidence interval).
| first trimestera exposure | second trimestera exposure | third trimestera exposure | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO, per ppm | |||
| at 3 km | -2.2 (-5.0, 0.7) | 5.3 (1.7, 8.8) | -6.7 (-9.8, -3.6) |
| at 5 km | -2.4 (-4.4, -0.4) | 3.2 (0.8, 5.6) | -7.7 (-9.8, -5.6) |
| at 10 km | -1.9 (-3.3, -0.6) | 2.5 (0.9, 4.2) | -7.0 (-8.4, -5.5) |
| NO2, per pphm | |||
| at 3 km | -2.4 (-4.4, -0.5) | 1.8 (-0.8, 4.3) | -8.1 (-10.2,-6.1) |
| at 5 km | -3.1 (-4.4, -1.8) | 0.9 (-0.8, 2.5) | -7.9 (-9.2, -6.5) |
| at 10 km | -3.0 (-3.9, -2.1) | 0.6 (-0.6, 1.7) | -7.0 (-7.9, -6.0) |
| O3, per pphm | |||
| at 3 km | -2.9 (-4.4, -1.5) | -3.1 (-4.6, -1.6) | -3.0 (-4.4, -1.5) |
| at 5 km | -2.7 (-3.7, -1.7) | -2.2 (-3.2, -1.1) | -2.4 (-3.4, -1.4) |
| at 10 km | -2.1 (-2.9, -1.4) | -2.3 (-3.1, -1.5) | -1.3 (-2.1, -0.6) |
| SO2, per ppb | |||
| at 3 km | 0.8 (-1.8, 3.3) | 0.4 (-2.7, 3.5) | 0.6 (-1.9, 3.2) |
| at 5 km | 1.8 (0.3, 3.4) | 0.1 (-1.7, 2.0) | 0.4 (-1.1, 2.0) |
| at 10 km | 2.5 (1.6, 3.4) | -0.1 (-1.1, 0.9) | 0.7 (-0.2, 1.5) |
| PM10, per 10 μg/m3 | |||
| at 3 km | -2.6 (-4.3, -0.9) | -0.3 (-2.2, 1.6) | -3.1 (-4.8, -1.3) |
| at 5 km | -2.7 (-3.8, -1.7) | -1.1 (-2.3, 0.1) | -4.1 (-5.2, -3.0) |
| at 10 km | -2.3 (-3.0, -1.6) | -1.5 (-2.3, -0.7) | -3.7 (-4.4, -3.0) |
| PM2.5, per 10 μg/m3 | |||
| at 3 km | -6.9 (-9.6, -4.2) | -0.5 (-3.6, 2.6) | -2.4 (-5.2, 0.4) |
| at 5 km | -6.1 (-7.8, -4.3) | -2.2 (-4.2, -0.3) | -3.6 (-5.5, -1.8) |
| at 10 km | -6.0 (-7.3, -4.8) | -2.6 (-4.0, -1.3) | -4.7 (-6.0, -3.5) |
| coarse PM, per 10 μg/m3 | |||
| at 3 km | -3.5 (-7.1, 0.0) | 0.3 (-3.5, 4.1) | -6.7 (-10.1,-3.3) |
| at 5 km | -4.2 (-6.3, -2.0) | -1.2 (-3.6, 1.1) | -5.0 (-7.1, -2.9) |
| at 10 km | -3.4 (-4.9, -2.0) | -1.0 (-2.5, 0.5) | -5.1 (-6.4, -3.8) |
afirst trimester: first 16 weeks after last menstrual period, second trimester: weeks 17 to 28, third trimester: week 29 to delivery.
Models adjusted for infant sex, gestational age, season and year of birth, parity, maternal factors (race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, access to prenatal care, birth place, age) and neighborhood SES measures (poverty rate, home ownership, educational attainment, unemployment rate)