Table 1.

List of dengue animal models summarized in this report

Species	Immune status	Name	Routes of infectiona	Dose of infectionb	Detectable Viremiac, d	Anti-DENV immune responsesd	DENV induced diseasee	References
Mouse	Immunecompetent	Balb/C	IP	105	−/+	Ab (−/+), T-cell	-	10
	Humanized	hNOD/SCID	SC	104	+	Ab (−/+)	Fever, rash, thrombocytopenia	11
		hNOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull	SC	106	+	Ab (−/+)	Fever, rash, thrombocytopenia	13
		hRAG2−/− γc −/−	IP, SC	106	+	Ab	Fever, rash, shock	14
		SCID-HuH7	IP	104	+	-	-	30, 37
	IFN-deficient	AG129 + DENV	IP	106	+	Ab	Paralysis	17
		AG129 + D2S10	IV	107	+	Ab, T-cells	Vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, ADE	18–22
Swine	Immunecompetent	Yucatan miniature pig	SC, IV	107	+ (SC)	Ab	Rash (+/−)	-
Non- human primate	Immunecompetent	Rhesus macaque	SC, ID	105	+	Ab, T-cells	lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, mild dehydration, mild rash, increased viremia (+/−)	24–27, 29–30
	Immunecompetent	Chimpanzee	SC, ID	103–106	+	Ab	-	28, 31

^aIP: intraperitoneal injection; SC: subcutaneous injection; IV: intravenous injection.

^bDoses expressed in plaque-forming units (PFU)

^cViremia detected by quantitative real-time PCR or by plaque assay.

^d(−/+): these responses have not been detected consistently. Only immune responses that have been reported are listed here. It is possible that additional immune responses are induced in these animals but have not been reported.

^e(−/+): these clinical signs have not been detected consistently. This is probably due to the outbreed nature of these animals.