Fig. 1.

Choline deficiency increases expression of Vegfc and Angpt2 in cultured neural progenitor cells and in E17 fetal brain. E14 mouse brain neural progenitor cells were grown in low choline (5 μM; CD), (70 μM; CT), or (280 μM; CS) medium for 72 h. Pregnant mice were fed a low, normal, or supplemented choline diet between days 12 to 17 of gestation and fetal hippocampi were collected at E17 (n = 5 pups from 5 dams/group). mRNA was isolated from NPC and whole brain (WB) and expression levels of Vegfc and Angpt2, relative to Tbp housekeeping gene, were assessed with qRTPCR using the 2^-ΔΔCT method. n = 5 plates/group. Data are presented as mean ± SE. * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01 different from CT and CS by REST analysis.